Magor-3

Question 1

When does immune response happen?

Answer 1

As soon as barrier has been breached

Question 2

What is released as a result of tissue damage?

Answer 2

DAMPs

Question 3

How do phagocytes migrate to site of inflammation?

Answer 3

chemotaxis

Question 4

local consequences of inflammation

Answer 4

• increased blood flow and vasodilation - increased blood pressure and fluid accumulation in tissue
• increased leukocyte extravasation and anti-microbial activity
• swelling and local damage by anti-microbial processes

Question 5

Local consequences of inflammation (with latin)

Answer 5

• increased heat and redness (calor and rubor)
• swelling (tumor)
• pus
• pain (dolor)

Question 6

Are PAMPs necessary for inflammation to occur?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What is inflammation usu. associated with?

Answer 7

tissue damage

Question 8

How do APCs detect tissue damage?

Answer 8

by sensing for DAMPs

Question 9

What do necrotic cells release and what is the result?

Answer 9

• danger signals

- activates tissue macrophages

Question 10

What do activated macrophages recruit?

Answer 10

neutrophils and monocytes

Question 11

How do activated macrophages recruit other immune cells?

Answer 11

producing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines

Question 12

Integrin

Answer 12

proteins that mediate stronger cell-cell adhesion

Question 13

What first slows leukocyte down through blood vessel?

Answer 13

weak mucin-selectin interactions

Question 14

Purpose of making leukocyte go to rolling mode

Answer 14

keeping it close to endothelium as possible and can respond to chemokines

Question 15

What does the recruited leukocyte do after it senses chemokines?

Answer 15

makes integrins (LFA-1)

Question 16

What happens after leukocytes developed integrins?

Answer 16

They attach to ICAM-1 on blood vessels and diapedesis can happen

Question 17

When do monocytes differentiate into tissue macrophages?

Answer 17

When they enter the tissue

Question 18

4 phases of inflammation

Answer 18

• initiation
• amplification
• regulation
• repair (homeostasis)

Question 19

What do neutrophil granule contents promote?

Answer 19

monocyte extravasation

Question 20

Functions of apoptotic neutrophils

Answer 20

• monocyte recruitment

- soak up excess chemokines

Question 21

What program initiates in macrophages during its uptake of apoptotic neutrophils?

Answer 21

pro-resolution program

Question 22

What chemicals does the pro-resolution program increase?

Answer 22

TGF-beta and IL-10

Question 23

What in the macrophage promotes repair?

Answer 23

growth factors

Question 24

What does TGF-beta and IL-10 induce on macrophages?

Answer 24

anti-inflammatory response

Question 25

What 2 things can aid phagocytosis (recognition-wise)

Answer 25

PRRs and opsonins

Question 26

What are NETs?

Answer 26

- neutrophil extracellular traps | - neutrophil chromatin is broken down and expelled towards pathogen to trap it

Question 27

What signals neutrophils to do NET response?

Answer 27

signals from its PRRs

Question 28

Function of IL-8

Answer 28

chemo-attractant for leukocyte extravasation

Question 29

IL-1beta and TNF-alpha function

Answer 29

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 30

IL-10 and TGF-beta funciton

Answer 30

repair cytokines needed for resolution of immune response

Question 31

What induces liver to make acute phase proteins?

Answer 31

IL-6, IL-1, and TNF

Question 32

What are 2 types of acute phase proteins?

Answer 32

- C-reactive proteins | - Mannose-binding lectins

Question 33

What is the effect of acute phase proteins on bone marrow?

Answer 33

myelopoiesis and recruitment

Question 34

Function of C-reactive proteins?

Answer 34

- bind to phosphocholine on bacteria - act as opsonin - activate complement

Question 35

Function of mannose-binding lectin?

Answer 35

- bind mannose residues on bacteria - act as opsonin - activate complement