Male Anatomy and Histo

Question 1

what is the male repro tract designed to do? (4)

Answer 1

-produce sperm
-store sperm
-release sperm
-produce hormones

Question 2

what do the indifferent gonades develop from?

Answer 2

Develop from thickening of intermediate mesoderm (steroidogenic) – genital/gonadal ridge

Question 3

what is development of primordial gonads linked with?

Answer 3

Development of primordial gonad linked with degeneration of the
mesonephros

Question 4

what do primitive sex/gonadal cords develop from?

Answer 4

Primitive sex/gonadal cords – develop from epithelial cells of degenerating mesonephric tubules and glomerular capsules that invade the mesenchyme of genital ridge

Question 5

what do epithelial cells form?

Answer 5

Epithelial cells form clusters and incorporate PGCs

Question 6

what is another name for the mesonephric duct

Answer 6

wolffian

Question 7

what duct degenerates in males and what causes them to disappear?

Answer 7

paramesonephric duct, in the presence of testosterone they degenerate

Question 8

what is another name for the paramesonephric duct

Answer 8

mullerian

Question 9

what do mesonephric ducts turn into

Answer 9

Efferent ductules and rete testis form from mesonephric tubules

Question 10

how do accessory sex glands develop

Answer 10

Accessory sex glands develop as evagination from epithelium of associated ductwork

Question 11

what do gonadal cords become

Answer 11

Gonadal cords hypertrophy and become seminiferous cords/tubules

Question 12

what makes up spermatognesis?

Answer 12

Spermatocytogenesis + Spermiogenesis

Question 13

what type of glands do testicles have

Answer 13

endocrine and exocrine glands

Question 14

what do type B cells give rise to

Answer 14

primary spermatocytes

Question 15

what produces type B cells

Answer 15

Type A(p) divide by mitosis to produce type B cells

Question 16

what do type A(d) cells ensure

Answer 16

These cells replicate to ensure a constant supply of spermatogonia

Question 17

features of sertoli cells (sustentacolar cells)

Answer 17

• Columnar cells with oval to angular nucleus
• Cytoplasmic processes forming gap junctions
• Surround the developing sperm

Question 18

what are the hormone producing cells

Answer 18

interstitial cells of leydig

Question 19

features of leydig interstitial cells

Answer 19

• Species differences in # and morphology
• Cytoplasmic stains eaosinophilic
• EM shows large amount of ER, Golgi, mitochondria and lipid droplets

Question 20

what do sertoli cells provide and where does a single cell extend

Answer 20

• Provide structural and metabolic support to the developing sperm cells
• A single Sertoli cell extends from the basement membrane to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Question 21

testes are suspended in the scrotum by the ____ ____

Answer 21

spermatic cord

Question 22

components of the spermatic cord (4)

Answer 22

• Spermatic/testicular artery
• Spermatic veins
• Lymphatics
• Cremaster muscle

Question 23

what does the pampinoform plexus do

Answer 23

counter current heat exchange between warm arterial blood and cool venus blood -> cools arterial blood before entering testis

Question 24

components of the epididymis

Answer 24

A single coiled tubule: head (caput), body (corpus), tail (caudae)

Question 25

what is the epididymis lined by and what does it secrete

Answer 25

* Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium * Secretory cells secreting components required for sperm maturation

Question 26

histological appearance of the ductus deferens

Answer 26

* Pseudostratified columnar epithelium * Thick tunica muscularis * Extensive folds (Ampulla) in stallion, ruminants, dogs * Ampulla thickened due to accessory glands within wall of vas deferens

Question 27

what species dont have an ampulla

Answer 27

boars and cats

Question 28

what are the three parts of the penis and their details

Answer 28

* Root of the penis (radix): the attached part, consisting of the bulb of penis in the middle and the crus of penis, one on either side of the bulb. * Body of the penis (corpus): dorsal (posterosuperior in the erect penis), and ventral or urethral (facing downwards and backwards in the flaccid penis). * Epithelium of the penis consists of the shaft skin, the foreskin, and the preputial mucosa on the inside of the foreskin and covering the glan penis

Question 29

____ tissue enclosing the penile urethra

Answer 29

erectile

Question 30

two types of penis'

Answer 30

fibroelastic and musculovascular

Question 31

fibroelastic penis; species with it, amount of different tissues and features

Answer 31

* Bull, boar, ram * Large amount of CT and elastic fibres * Limited erectile tissue * Sigmoid flexure: increase in penile length only during erection

Question 32

musculovascular penis; species with it, amount of different tissues and features

Answer 32

* Stallion, dog, cat * Lots of erectile tissue * Erection results in increase in length and diameter due to cavernous tissue becoming filled with blood

Question 33

special features of the boar penis

Answer 33

-nonpendulous and inverted testicles (tail of epididymis is above the head of the epididymis) -cork screw shape

Question 34

special features of the stallion penis

Answer 34

-vascular penis; bell shaped -no sigmoid flexure

Question 35

special features of the ram penis

Answer 35

-filiform appendage

Question 36

types of erectile tissue

Answer 36

* Corpus Cavernosum: two columns on dorsal side of penis * Corpus Spongiosum: single column on ventral side of penis, surrounds penile urethra

Question 37

Functions of Sertoli Cells during Spermatogenesis (7)

Answer 37

* Maintain the right environment for development and maturation (blood-testis barrier) * Secrete substances initiating meiosis * Secrete supporting testicular fluid * Secrete ABP, which concentrates testosterone in close proximity to the developing gametes * Secrete hormones affecting pituitary gland control of spermatogenesis (e.g. inhibin) * Phagocytose residual cytoplasm left over from spermiogenesis * Protect spermatids from the immune system of the male (blood- testis barrier)