Venereal Diseases Flashcards
(37 cards)
three venerally transmitted diseases in bovine
- Trichomoniasis
- Campylobateriosis
- Ureaplasma
six venerally transmitted diseases in equine
- Equine coital exanthema (EHV‐3)
- Equine viral arteritis
- Contagious equine metritis
- Pseudomonas spp.
- Klebsiella spp.
- Dourine (exotic to Canada)
what makes it difficult to differentiate between trichomonas, campylobacter, ureaplasma?
they have the same clinical signs
what are the similar clinical signs found in cows that makes it hard to differentiate between venereal diseases?
-infertility
-low conception rate
-irregular cycle length
-long breeding season
-low pregnancy rate
-long calving season
-sporadic abortions
trichomoniasis
-bulls
-where it lives
-transmission
-features of parasite
-Bulls – asymptomatic carriers
-Colonize penis and prepuce of mature bulls
-Transmission by bulls riding each other, bull to cow to bull, or by contaminated AI equipment or semen
-Trichomonas foetus; Flagellated protozoal parasite. Undulating membrane. size of RBC
clinical signs of trichomoniasis in cows
Cows ‐ Syndrome of infertility
-Repeat breeders
-Irregular estrus intervals (a sign of early embryonic death ‐ EED)
-Post‐breeding pyometra
-Vaginitis, endometritis
-Open cows
prognosis and control of trichomoniasis
Prognosis
-Spontaneous recovery in cows may occur after 3 months
-May become pregnant if long enough breeding season
-Poor for bull ‐ carrier state – source of infection– cull
Control
-Vaccination
-Use A.I.
campylobacteriosis
-effect on young vs old bulls
-transmission
-Young bulls – if exposed before 3 yrs of age they will spread disease but usually clear it and become free of infection
-Old bulls – organism lives in epithelial crypts of penis/prepuce that develop after 4 yrs of age
-Become asymptomatic carriers
-Spread bull to cow (to bull), or bulls riding other bulls. Also thru contaminated AI equipment
what organism causes Campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis)
-Campylobacter fetus spp. Venerealis
-Gram negative, motile, extracellular microaerophilic rod
clinical signs of Campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis) in cows
Cows: Syndrome of infertility:
-Repeat breeders
-Irregular estrus intervals (EED)
-Open cows
-Long breeding and calving seasons
-Mild salpingitis and endometritis
prognosis and control of Campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis)
Prognosis
-Good – cows usually clear the infection within 3‐6 months
-Develop immunity and become pregnant
-Young bulls also develop immunity
Control
-Cull older bulls
-Vaccination
Use AI
features of Ureaplasmosis (Granular vulvitis)
where is it present in cows
Ureaplasma diversum
-Small organism
-No cell wall
-Normal inhabitant
-Cows – vulva and vagina
-Bulls – distal urethra, prepuce and semen
clinical signs of Ureaplasmosis (Granular vulvitis) in cow
Syndrome of infertility
-Granular vulvitis (classic) (Vulva inflamed, hyperemic, Discrete raised red granules, Profuse sticky mucopurulent vulvar discharge)
-Repeat breeders
-Early ED – normal estrus intervals
-Late ED – long estrus intervals
-Abortions/placentitis
-If organisms are introduced into uterus (AI or breeding) a mild endometritis +/‐ salpingitis results ‐‐‐ leads to Early embryonic death (EED)
clinical signs of Ureaplasmosis (Granular vulvitis) in bull
-Balanoposthitis in the bull
prognosis and control of Ureaplasmosis
Prognosis
-Recurrent, so depends on management
-Lives in semen, including frozen semen
Control
-No vaccine – “live with it”
-AI with (sheath or double rod technique)
-Infusion/douche with tetracycline
what venereal disease does a cow have if there is: post breeding pyometra, endometritis, EEED and the bull is normal?
trichomonas
what venereal disease does a cow have if there is: endometritis, EEED and the bull is normal?
campylobacter
what venereal disease does a cow have if there is: granular vulvitis, EEED, abortion and the bull has balanoposthitis?
ureaplasma
diagnosis of venereal disease in cows vs bulls
-Culture organism to differentiate Trich from Campy
-Specialized transport media – contact lab first
-Cows – using sheathed AI rod and syringe, collect mucous from anterior vagina and cervix
-Bulls – preputial scrapings – a more reliable way to diagnose a herd problem than sampling lots of cows
–> Require 3 consecutive tests two weeks apart to ensure free of disease
control and prevention of Trich and Campy
-Goal is eradication from herd
-Testing bulls is more rewarding – cull
-Keep only young bulls
-Avoid group housing and sharing of bulls
-Use of AI
Vaccination for Trichomonas and Campylobacter
-Prophylaxis and treatment
equine coital exanthema
-other name for it
-when clinical signs appear
-Equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV‐3)
-Clinical signs 5‐7 days after mating
clinical signs for mare vs stallion with equine coital exanthema
Mare:
-Vesicles on vulva, perineum, anus
-Progress to pustules
-Heal in 7‐10 days
-May lose pigmentation
Stallion
-Vesicles/pustules of penis and prepuce
-Pain may cause reluctance to breed
-Delays in breeding season
diagnosis and treatment of Equine coital exanthema
Diagnosis
-Clinical signs
-Intranuclear inclusion bodies on histology
-Self limiting
-Does not affect fertility
-No treatment unless secondary infections
Bacterial Venereal Endometritis
-agents
-presentation
-prevention
-treatment
-Agents: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae
-May cause acute post‐breeding endometritis – failure of pregnancy
-Chronic endometritis
-Asymptomatic carriers ‐ stallions
-Routine swabbing of mares pre breeding as part of stallion contract
-Treat as acute endometritis – uterine lavage and appropriate antibiotic based on culture and sensitivity – repeat swab following treatment
