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Male Histology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Testis

A

production of sperm and testosterone

tunica albuginea, seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue, mediastinum (loose connective tissue)

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2
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A

dense irregular connective tissue capsule, stratum vascularis
connective tissue septa divide testis into lobules

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3
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

contain developing germ cells
sertoli cells
peritubular myoid cells

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4
Q

Interstitial tissue

A

surrounds seminiferous tubules

leydig cells and blood vessels

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5
Q

Mediastinum

A

loose connective tissue, rete testis

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6
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

lined by stratified germinal epithelium- spermatogenic cells (developing germ cells), supporting cells= sertoli cells

each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules which are surrounded by peritubular myoid cells

interstitial tissue- located between seminiferous tubules- contain leading cells, vasculature and lymphatic channels

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7
Q

Vascularization

A

extensive vasculature surrounds the seminiferous tubules for transport of hormones and nutrients for spermatogenesis

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8
Q

spermatogonium

A

diploid (2n), development and renewal

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9
Q

Primary spermatocyte

A

diploid (2n), meiotic division I

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10
Q

secondary spermatocyte

A

haploid (1n)

meiotic division II

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11
Q

spermatid

A

early and late spermatid, spermiogenesis

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12
Q

spermatozoa

A

spermiation

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13
Q

development variation

A

can see multiple stages in seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

developing germ cells

A

need sertoli cells- support cells

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15
Q

Sertoli cells

A

extend from basal lamina to lumen of seminiferous tubules

functions:
1. provide proper microenvironment for developing sperm cells
2. synthesize inhibit and androgen binding protein (ABP)- helps bind testosterone to make available to developing leydig cells
3. phagocytize regressive spermatozoa and residual bodies
4. form a blood-testis barrier through tight junctions

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16
Q

Sertoli cells- blood testis barrier

A

immunological protection of haploid cells

sertoli cells separated into basal and adluminal compartments

sequesters haploid germ cells residing in the adluminal compartment from immune suppression

created by simultaneous formation and breakdown of tight junctions between sertoli cell cytoplasmic processes

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17
Q

interstitial tissue

A

same as adventitial tissue

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18
Q

Leydig cells

A

located in interstitial tissue of the testis
secrete testosterone under regulation of LH from the pituitary

have foamy cytoplasm due to steroid production (cholesterol esters)

also interstitial cells

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19
Q

straight tubules

A

tubuli recti

connect the convoluted seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

lined by simple cuboidal or simple squamous epithelium (species specific)

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20
Q

rete testis

A

transport of sperm from seminiferous tubules to efferent ducts

network of randomly anastomosing tubules in the mediastinum

lined by simple cuboidal or simple squamous epithelium (species specific)

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21
Q

Excurrent duct system

A

efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens

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22
Q

efferent ductules

A

connect the rete testis with initial segment of the epididymis

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23
Q

ductus epididymis

A

resorption of fluid and androgen binding protein

sperm maturation, sperm storage

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24
Q

ductus deferens

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A

transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct (or urethra) at ejaculation

25
efferent ductules
transport of sperm from testis to epididymis ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium epithelium contains cells of varying height creating a scalloped appearance cell types= tall ciliated cells and short absorptive cells surrounded by thin smooth muscle
26
ductus epididymis
site of sperm maturation and storage sperm maturation- migration and loss of cytoplasmic droplets, acquire fertilizing capacity, acquire motility, coated with decapacitation factors sperm storage (cauda)- adrenergic sympathetic control of smooth muscles that aid in ejaculation, immobilization of sperm
27
ductus epididymis cells
principal cells- pseudo stratified columnar epithelium, stereo ciliated, secretory and absorptive basal cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes smooth muscle- thickens towards cauda (towards tail of epididymis) extensive vascular network surrounds the duct
28
ductus deferens
carrying away vessel- transports sperm from epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation tunica mucosa- pseudo stratified or simple columnar epithelium, basal cells, some stereo cilia tunica muscularis (thick)- 3 layers of smooth muscle
29
Accessory sex glands
to collectively create the seminal plasma (non-sperm portion) ampullary glands, vesicular glands (seminal vesicle), prostate, bulbourethral gland (cowpers gland)
30
ejaculate
contains spermatozoa from epididymis and seminal plasma from accessory glands
31
ampulla and vesicular glands
converge to form ejaculatory duct or empty separately into urethra depending on species
32
prostate and bulbourethral galnds
empty directly into urethra
33
comparative accessory sex glands
boar has no ampullary glands; dog has no vesicular or bulbourethral glands cats have neither ampullary nor vesicular glands
34
ampullary glands
terminal dilation of the ductus deferent just prior to converging with the urethra branched tubuloalveolar glands, rich in glycogen and lipid droplets which are added to seminal fluid possible site of sperm storage present in stallion, ruminants, dog and elephant- absent in boar and cat
35
Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
paired tubuloalveolar glands located dorsoventral to the urinary bladder ``` pseudo stratified to simple columnar epithelium w/ sparse basal cells secrete lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) and glycogen comprises 30-70% of ejaculate, depending on species ```
36
duct system arrangement
pinnate- feather like
37
vesicular glands
seminal vesicles, septa consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle strands
38
prostate gland anatomy
body of prostate surrounds the pelvic urethra disseminate prostate is embedded in the lamina proprio/submucosa of pelvic urethra
39
prostate gland
mucus secreting portion compound tubuloalveolar gland (seromucous secretion) with multiple ducts opening into the urethra cuboidal or columnar epithelium, connective tissue capsule contains smooth muscle secretes proteolytic enzymes, electrolytes, citric acid 15-30% of ejaculate but depends on species
40
prostate gland
stallion only has body, some ruminants only have disseminate portion corpora amylacea- small prostatic concretions of unknown significance- occur with increasing age
41
bulbourethral (cowpers) gland
secretion of mucous like fluid that flushes and lubricates the urethra prior to ejaculation compound tubular in boar, cat and deer tubuloalveolar in stallion, bull and ram absent in dogs
42
alveolus
a sac like dilation
43
bulbourethral cowpers gland epithelium
tall pale basophilic columnar epithelium with basally located nuclei fibroelastic capsule contains variable amounts of smooth and striated muscle comprises 1-5% of ejaculate, depending on species
44
penis
epidermis, tunica albuginea, corpora cavernosa, urethra, corpus spongiosum, retractor penis
45
epidermis
stratified squamous epithelium and underlying dermis covering surface
46
tunica albuginea
thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue deep to dermis it is sometimes split into an outer layer and an inner layer that comprises the capsule of the corpus cavernosum
47
corpora cavernosa
paired large bodies of erectile tissue located dorsal to the urethra the blood sinuses are lined by a squamous endothelium and surrounded by a dense connective tissue capsule rich in elastic fibers
48
urethra
lined by a very thin layer of transitional epithelium
49
corpus spongiosum
smaller, medial body of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra often accompanied by midline artery
50
retractor penis
bundle of smooth muscle ventral to the urethra and corpus spongiosum (musculocavernous penis)
51
urethra
2 regions- pelvic urethra, penile urethra prostatic portion from bladder to prostate membranous portion from prostate to bulb spongiose portion from bulb distally mucosal folds distend during erection or urination tunica muscularis is smooth muscle near bladder, skeletal muscle more distally
52
pelvic urethra
mucosa- mucous glands in horses and cats mostly transitional epithelium (similar to bladder) longitudinal folds submucosa- stratum cavernosum, erectile tissue containing thin walled veins, analogous to corpus spongiosum of penile urethra muscularis- inner longitudinal/middle circular/outer longitudinal smooth muscle striated urethral muscle replaces middle circular layer at prostate
53
penile urethra mucosa
mostly lined by transitional epithelium, but variable becomes stratified squamous at the urethral opening contains mucous glands in horses and pigs
54
penile urethra submucosa
corpus spongiosum- erectile vascular sinuses
55
penile urethra muscularis
sparse smooth muscle
56
Bull penis
fibroelastic sigmoid flexure, inflate and extend
57
Stallion penis
musculocavernous retractor penis muscle
58
Canine penis
intermediate Os penis- bone between the urethra and the corpora cavernosa

Reproduction (22 decks)

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