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Placentation Flashcards

1
Q

Prototherian

A

egg laying
platypus, echidnas

first beasts

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2
Q

Metatherian

A

changed beasts

choriovitelline placenta- aka yolk sac
marsupials- kangaroos, koala, opossum

develop within pouch

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3
Q

Eutherian

A

true beasts

chorioallantoic placenta and the rest

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4
Q

Placenta

A

vascular organ formed in uterus during pregnancy

consisting of both maternal and embryonic/fetal tissues and providing O2 and nutrients for the fetus and transfer of waste products from fetal to maternal blood circulation

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5
Q

Placenta structure

A

chorioallantoic on fetal side connected to endometrium on maternal side

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6
Q

fetal membranes

A

membranes that function for the protection or nourishment or respiration or excretion of developing fetus

yolk sac, then amnion, then allantois (large) and chorion

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7
Q

time comparisons from ovulation during cleavage for different farm species

A

enter uterus on different days

cattle= 3-5
horse= 5
sheep=3
swine= 2

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8
Q

development of allantochorion

A

start with inner cell mass within blastocoel
the ICM forms an embryo and enters blastocoel
yolk sac forms which is the 1st fetal membrane, for early nourishment
mesoderm begins to fold and amnionic folds begin to surround the embryo
primitive gut below embryo and yolk sac shrinks as allantois begins to expand
mesoderm and trophectoderm together form chorion
allantois expands getting larger and an amnionic cavity surrounds the embryo

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9
Q

attachment of the placenta to the uterus

A

implantation

cow= day 30-35 
sow= 12-20 
ewe= 18-20 
mare= 50-60
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10
Q

roles of the placenta

A 
nutrient exchange
gas exchange 
stores waste 
protective 
endocrine organ
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11
Q

fetal membranes

A

yolk sac, amnion, allantois and chorion

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12
Q

Yolk sac

A

early nutrition for the embryo (usually regresses completely)

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13
Q

Amnion

A

transparent membrane surrounding the fetus, protects fetus from injury, provides lubrication for parturition, reservoir for urine and wastes

protection (cushion), waste, and nutrient exchange

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14
Q

Allantois

A

blood supply for chorion
waste

fuses with chorion and carries blood vessels of placenta, reservoir for nutrients and wastes, umbilical cord attaches fetus to allantois

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15
Q

Chorion

A

maternal interface
nutrient and gas exchange

attaches to uterus, absorbs nutrients from uterus, allows maternal/fetal gas exchange, produces hormones

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16
Q

placenta makeup

A

endometrium + chorion and allantois

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17
Q

placenta classification

A

distribution of contact areas- shape

tissue layers separating maternal and fetal blood- invasion

degree of interdigitation of the vasculature

maternal tissue loss at birth

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18
Q

4 distributions of contact areas

A

diffuse, cotyledonary, zonary, discoid

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19
Q

diffuse

A

villi everywhere

horse and pig

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20
Q

cotyledonary

A

rows and very specific numbers

ewe and cow

21
Q

placentome

A

caruncle + cotyledon

caruncle on maternal side, interacts with cotyledon which is on fetal side

22
Q

zonary

A

single (band aid appearance)- dog and cat

double (band aid appearance)- ferret and raccoon

23
Q

discoid

A

monkey, man and rodent

24
Q

layers separating maternal and fetal circulation

A

6 layers
fetal layers= endothelium, connective tissue and epithelium
maternal layers= epithelium, connective tissue, endothelium

maternal and fetal blood will not mix, don’t erode enough

25
Five layer separation
same as 6 but one less layer on the maternal side | no epithelium
26
Four layer separation
same as 5 layer separation but no connective tissue
27
Three layer separation
Only fetal side with maternal layer similar to deciduate
28
Epitheliochorial
5-6 layers synepitheliochorial (transiently 5 layers) - ruminant placenta, mostly bovine, partial erosion horse, pig, cattle, sheep and goats starts at maternal endometrial capillary and travels to chorionic capillary ruminants= both partial and transient erosions of endometrium
29
Endotheliochorial
4-5 layers carnivores, from endometrial capillary to chorionic capillary
30
Hemochorial
3 layers (only on fetal side) maternal blood pool goes to fetus primates and rodents
31
Ruminant species epitheliochorial
binucleate cells- chorionic origin, fuse with maternal epithlium= syncytium, placental lactogen, and specific proteins Binucleate giant cells migrate into maternal side as grow and then enter maternal circulation
32
Pig interdigitation
folded type
33
Horse interdigitation
lamellar type
34
human interdigitation
trabecular type
35
cattle interdigitation
villous type
36
dog interdigitation
labyrinthine type
37
maternal tissue lost at birth
non-deciduate/adeciduate (non invasive) | deciduate (endometrial loss)
38
non-deciduate/adeciduate
complete separation of maternal and fetal tissues sow, mare ruminant in mare= micro cotyledons and in sow= chorionic villi
39
deciduate placenta
loss of maternal tissue at parturition carnivores, humans and rodents
40
diffuse placenta: sow
necrotic tips of the placenta folded with areolae (chorionic villi) diffuse, epitheliochorial, adeciduate placenta
41
diffuse placenta mare
microcotyledons= villi in clumps | diffuse, epitheliochorial, adeciduate placenta
42
twins in horses
not enough placental attachment to survive
43
ruminant species
cotyledonary, epitheliochorial, adeciduate placenta amnion around fetus placentomes and chorioallantois
44
convex cotyledons
cow and giraffe caruncular tissue intermingles with chorionic tissue
45
concave cotyledons
sheep and goat chorionic tissue deeper within caruncular tissue
46
membrane slip
2 layers and can feel separation
47
carnivore species placenta
zonary, endotheliochorial, and deciduate placenta pigmented zone around TZ (bandaid appearance) on maternal side- marginal hematomas (source of iron) hematophagous zone= phagocytosis of RBC by chorionic epithelium heme converted to green biliverdin (pigment) = seen on edge of chorion and allantois
48
placenta in the cat
larger zonary placenta around amnion
49
primate placenta
discoid, hemochorial, deciduate placenta

Reproduction (22 decks)

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