Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Gonads
• testes (temperature _____degrees
Celsius lower than the body temp)

Answer 1

2-3

Question 2

• spermatogenesis, sex hormones production

Answer 2

Testes

Question 3

• storage and transport of spermatozoa at proper time

Answer 3

• Sex accessories

Question 4

Sperm maturation

Propel sperm to ejaculatory ducts

Provide nutrients for sperm and fluid

Provide enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction

Add alkaline mucus to neutralize
prostatic acid and vaginal acidity

Answer 4

Epididymis

Ductus deferens

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral glands

Question 5

• contains cells in various stages of spermatogenesis (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids)

Answer 5

Seminiferous tubules

Question 6

Sertoli is stimulated by

Answer 6

FSH

Question 7

• aid in the development and maturation of spermatid to a sperm cell

• support, protection & nutritional regulation of the developing spermatozoa

Answer 7

Sertoli cells (stimulated by FSH)

Question 8

• phagocytosis of cytoplasm shed by developing spermatogenic cells

• establish the blood-testis barrier that prevents contact with immune system

Answer 8

Sertoli

Question 9

• Leydig cells (stimulated by LH): primary source of testosterone production, synthesize androgens from cholesterol

• Also produce p450 aromatase

• converts testosterone to estradiol

Answer 9

Intersititium

Question 10

Leydig cells (stimulated by____)

Answer 10

LH

Question 11

Intersititium
• Leydig cells (stimulated by LH): primary source of_____ production, synthesize____ from cholesterol

• Also produce_____
• converts testosterone to_____

Answer 11

testosterone; androgens

p450 aromatase; estradiol

Question 12

OTHER PRODUCTS OF SERTOLI CELLS
•_________
• keeps local testosterone levels high for spermatogenesis
•_________
• support sperm cells and spermatogenesis
•_________
• Exerts negative feedback on FSH (testosterone exerts negative feedback on LH)

Answer 12

Androgen-binding protein

Growth factors

Inhibin B

Question 13

: essential for growth and division of the testicular germinal cells, which is the first stage in forming sperm

Answer 13

Testosterone

Question 14

stimulates the Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

Answer 14

• Luteinizing hormone

Question 15

stimulates the Sertoli cells;

without this stimulation, conversion of the spermatids to sperm (the process of spermiogenesis) will not occur/maintain spermatogenesis

Answer 15

• Follicle- stimulating hormone

Question 16

•________, formed from testosterone by the Sertoli cells when they are stimulated by follicle- stimulating hormone: also essential for spermiogenesis

Answer 16

Estrogens

Question 17

•_______: necessary for controlling background metabolic functions of the testes.

specifically promotes early division of the spermatogonia

Answer 17

Growth hormone

Question 18

Testosterone
• Formed by_______

Answer 18

Leydig cells

Question 19

TESTOSTERONE

• Converted to dihydrotestosterone (more potent form) in the peripheral tissues by_______
• Degraded by the liver and excreted as ______ or ______into bile and urine

Answer 19

5-alpha-reductase

androstenedione or
DHEA

Question 20

Sex hormone-binding globulin
•Synthesized in the______
• Greater binding for testosterone than estrogen

Answer 20

liver

Question 21

• High SHBG =
• Low SHBG =

Answer 21

low free testosterone

high free testosterone

Question 22

Functions of Testosterone

Answer 22

• Development of male body characteristics
• Descent of testes during 2-3 months of gestation
• Distribution of body hair
• Pubis, linea alba, face, chest, back
• Increasing musculature after puberty

Question 23

: presence or absence of a Y chromosome

: presence of ovaries or testes

: appearance of external genitalia

Answer 23

•Genetic sex

•Gonadal sex

•Genital sex

Question 24

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM

Answer 24

• Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome

Testicular Injury and Infection
Cryptorchidism:
Viral orchitis:
Epididymitis:
Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer:
Trauma

Question 25

• Klinefelter's syndrome • Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome Testicular Injury and Infection Cryptorchidism: Viral orchitis: Epididymitis: Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer: Trauma

Answer 25

Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism

Question 26

• Presence of ***extra X chromosome:*** prevents the testes from functioning normally (atrophic)

Answer 26

Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 27

Chrimosome(?))) • Azoospermia • Elevated FSH and LH • Decreased Testosterone

Answer 27

Klinefelter's syndrome • 47, XXY

Question 28

• only Sertoli cells line the tubules (no sperm cells)

Answer 28

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM • Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome

Question 29

• characterized by male sterility without sexual abnormality • Small testes, high FSH levels, azoospermia, and normal testosterone levels • CONFIRMATORY TEST :_____

Answer 29

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM • Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome Testicular biopsy

Question 30

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM Testicular Injury and Infection •________: incomplete descent of testis from abdominal cavity to the scrotum •_________: mumps, echovirus, group B arbovirus •________: N. gonorrhoede, C. trachomatis, E. coli, M. tuberculosis •_________: oligospermia or azoospermia occurs after 800 mGy (80 rad) •________: physical and thermal trauma may lead to the secondary atrophy of testes

Answer 30

Cryptorchidism Viral orchitis Epididymitis Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer Trauma

Question 31

HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM • 'genetically male but physically female', classified as a______ • a genetic disorder that makes XY fetuses insensitive (unresponsive) to androgens • Deficiency of androgen receptors • Internally, there is a short blind-pouch vagina and no uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries (infertile) • There are testes in the abdomen or the inguinal canal (undescended testes) • Usually detected at puberty when a girl should but does not begin to menstruate

Answer 31

Testicular Feminization Syndrome/Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome male pseudohermaphrodite

Question 32

• Kallmann’s syndrome

Answer 32

HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM

Question 33

• characterized by delayed or absent puberty and an impaired sense of smell • no secondary sex characteristics: micropenis, cryptorchidism

Answer 33

HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM • Kallmann’s syndrome

Question 34

• NOTABLE SYMPTOM: ***hyposmia or anosmia*** • Hyperprolactinemia: high PRL inhibits GnRH • Severe stress, malnutrition, opioid/marijuana use

Answer 34

HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM • Kallmann’s syndrome