Male Reproductive System Flashcards by Kasie Sears

Fertility vs. Potency

Fertility - produce healthy sperm to fertilize egg

Potency - ability to engage in copulation

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Diseases of the Testis…

degeneration
malfunction (sperm issues)
inflammation
neoplasia

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Testicular Degeneration

thermal
cryptorchidism
hypoplasia
chemical

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Thermal testicular degeneration…

spermatogonia sensitive to heat - systemic and local infections

results in cell degeneration (pressure atrophy/necrosis) - abnormal sperm morphology and function

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Cryptorchidism…

congenital lesion
failure of 1 or both testis to descend to scrotum
located in abdomen or inguinal canal

fail to produce sperm
prone to testicular neoplasia
prone to torsion of spermatic cord –> acute abdominal crisis

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Testicular hypoplasia is inherited in…

bulls.

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Testicular chemical degeneration…

estrogenic compounds or excess endogenous estrogen production (neoplasia)

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What causes malfunction of sperm?

morphologically abnormal - infections and hereditary

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Orchitis is…

inflammation of the testis

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Orchitis is caused by…

trauma
infection
-local or systemic

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Sterility is associated with…

tubular damage
increased temp.
pressure atrophy - necrosis
bacterial toxins/cytokine production
pus mixed with ejaculate
duct blockage/fibrosis

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Sperm Granuloma…

foreign body inflammatory reaction to sperm which have escaped tubular structures

may be seen in epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate

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Testicular Neoplasia…

interstitial cell tumors
seminomas
sertoli cell tumors
teratomas

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Testicular neoplasia are frequently seen in…

older, uncastrated dogs

incidental post morem findings

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Testicular neoplasia may be…

bilateral, mixed cell types
cause of hormonal-induced abnormalities
may cause testicular enlargement

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Interstitial Cell Tumors are tumor of what cells…

leydig cell tumors

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Interstitial Cell tumor characteristics…

most common in the dog
does not cause the testes to be bigger than they should be
may be multiple within the testis
may be bilateral

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Interstitial cell tumors are derived from…

endocrine cells of interstitium

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Leydig Cell tumors look like…

round, well-demarcated masses

usually

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Tumor of spermatogonia…

seminoma

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Characteristics of seminomas…

unilateral, solitary, enlarges the testis

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Predisposing factors of seminomas…

cryptorchidism

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Seminomas look like…

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buldging, pale (tan, yellow, white), soft, rarely metastatic, no endocrine effect

Sertoli Cell Tumors produce….

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estrogen

Least common testicular neoplasm?

Sertoli Cell Tumor

Characteristics of Sertoli Cell Tumors...

unilateral solitary enlarges the testis HAS endocrine effects

Predisposing Factor of sertoli cell tumors...

cryptorchidism

What do sertoli cell tumors look like?

``` well demarcated firm white (red/brown) may contain cysts rare metastasis ```

What endocrine effects do you see with sertoli cell tumors?

``` atrophy of non-neoplastic testicular tissue man-boobs reduced libido swelling of prepuce attracted to other male dogs symmetrical alopecia (sebaceous gland atrophy) prostatic hyperplasia and metaplasia bone marrow suppression ```

Long time administration of estrogens can cause....

complete bone marrow suppression

Teratomas are common/rare in the testis of young/old horses with/without cryptorchidism.

Teratomas are rare in the testis of young horses with cryptorchidism.

Teratomas are composed of multiple germ layers and could contain...

``` CT bone cartilage muscle nerve glands hair teeth ```

Diseases of the Epididymis

Epididymitis | Occlusion of the epididymis

Spermatocoeles...

know the image from the presentation

Diseases of Tunica Vaginalis...

Scrotal hernia - pieces of adipose tissue have slipped down, maybe gut will slip Bleeding - Hematocoele Hydrocoele - serous fluid

T/F - Mesothelial cells line the tunica...with mesothelioma, these cells can extend into the tunica vaginalis.

Truth!

Diseases of the scrotum...

dermatitis - inflammation scirrhous cord - horses; Staphylococcal infection; granulation tissue response varicocele - dilation of spermatic vein neoplasia - mast cell tumors and hemangioma

If you have a male boxer with a mass on his male parts...

MAST CELL TUMORS!

Accessory glands are?

prostate seminal vesicles bulbourethral glands

What can happen to the prostate?

atrophy, inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia and neoplasia - - seen much more often in the dog!

Atrophy of the prostate in old dogs....all dogs?

natural senile change | occurs following castration

Prostatic Hyperplasia is common in...

older entire male dogs

Causes of Prostatic Hyperplasia...

hormonal imbalances are most likely NOT seen in castrated animals Estrogen administration reduces the size

Causes of Prostatic Metaplasia... | Cells change from what to what?

caused by estrogen - sertoli cell tumors and estrogen administration columnar epithelial cells change to squamous

What prostatic neoplasia MIGHT you see in older dogs?

Adenocarcinoma - fatal! | Metastatic spread to: sub lumbar lymph nodes, lung, liver bone

Developmental Diseases of the Penis & Prepuce

Penile hypoplasia - early castration of intersex conditions persistent frenulum - bulls; connection btwn ventral penis and prepuce - - causes penile deviation hypospadias - failure of the urogenital groove closure diphallia - duplication of the penis

Phimosis...

narrowing of the preputial orifice preventing protrusion of penis

Paraphimosis...

narrowing of preputial orifice preventing retraction of already protruding penis

Posthitis...

inflammation of prepuce

Balanitis...

inflammation of glans penis

Causes of Inflammation of penis/prepuce...

trauma viruses bacteria parasites

What viruses can cause inflammation of penis/prepuce?

bovine herpesvirus 1 | EHV-3

What bacteria can cause inflammation of penis/prepuce?

corynebacteria in sheep/bovine

What parasites can cause inflammation of penis/prepuce?

trypanosoma equiperdum | habronemiasis

Neoplasia of penis/prepuce...

fibropapillopmas SCC sarcoids transmissible veneral tumors

Bacteria that cause orchitis...

brucella pseudomonas mycobacteria nocardia

Viruses that cause orchitis...

CDV EVA EIA

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

(57 cards)