Male reproductive system Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
male inner genital organs
A
- testes (male gonads)
- Genital ducts (Conduct sperm to urethra –>epidydimis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct)
- Accessory Glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral Gland)
2
Q
Main function of testes
A
- production of male gametes
- Secretion of male sex hormones
3
Q
Testicular capsule
A
- tunica vaginalis (layers of Peritoneum)
- tunica albuginea (dense CT with fibromyocytes)
- tunica vasculosa (loose CTwith blood and lymph vessels)
4
Q
Stroma and Parenchyma of the testes
A
Stroma: loose CT
Parenchyme: Epithelium
seminiferous tubules –> straight tubules (columnar) –> rete testis (cuboidal) –> efferent ductule (pseudostratified) –> epidydimis (pseudostratified)
5
Q
Development of the testes
A
- genital ridges in Mesoderm
- ceolomic Epithelium forms sex Cords
- 5-6th week: primordial germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to sex Cords
- from 7th week: sex determining Region of Y chromosome
- sex Cords: into seminiferous tubules and rete testis
- Primordial germ cells: into spermatoginia
- Epithelium of sex Cords: into Sertoli cells
- tubules of mesonephros: into efferent ductules
6
Q
Wall of seminiferous tubules
A
spermatogenic Epithelium
Lamina propria
7
Q
Spermatogenic epithelium
A
- supporting Sertoli cells
- Spermatogenic cells in various stages
>Spermatogonia
>Primary spermatocytes
>Secondary spermatocytes
>Spermatids
>Spermatozoa
von unten nach oben
8
Q
Phases of spermatogenesis
A
- Proliferation (mitotic divisions of spermatogonia)
- Maturation (Meiosis of spermatocytes)
- Formation (Spermatids –> spermatozoa) “Spermiogenesis”
9
Q
Spermatogonia
A
- in basal layer of spermatogenic Epithelium
- Round
- divide mitotically
- Three types (A dark, A pale, B)
10
Q
Type A dark spermatogonia
A
- dark nucleus
- part of this type remains as stem cell
- other parts undergo mitotic divisions and become A pale spermatogonia
11
Q
Type A pale spermatogonia
A
- pale nucleus
- eccentric nucleus
- become B spermatogonia
12
Q
Type B spermatogonia
A
- pale nucleus
- nucleus in Center
- beceome Primary spermatocytes
13
Q
Primary Spermatocytes
A
- migrate to abluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules
- first meiotic division to two daughter cells (secondary spermatocytes)
14
Q
Secondary spermatocytes
A
- undergo second meiotc division to produce two spermatids
15
Q
Spermatids
A
- round
- with set of haploid chromosomes
- transform into spermatozoa
- 1/3 of the 4 spermatids are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells
16
Q
Events during spermiogenesis (Formation of spermatozoa)
A
- Golgi produces acrosomal head cap to cover nucleus
- nucleus elongates
- Distal centriole forms Flagellum
- Mitochondria concentrate in middle piece of tail
- residual Body is phagocytosed by Sertoli cells
17
Q
Syncytium
A
- gametes do not completely separate from each other
- stay connected by narrow cytoplasmic bridges
18
Q
Syncytium determines
A
- close communication
- Connection to Sertoli cells
- Synchonous development of spermatozoa
19
Q
Spermatozoa
A
- detach from tubule wall
- are functionally immature
- moved passivley to epidydimis
20
Q
Sertoli cells
A
- supporting epithelial cells
- Columnar_ rest in b.m., apical part extends into lumen
- connected by junctional complex –> divides spermatogenic Epithelium
- –> Basal compoartment: with spermatogonia
- –> Adluminal comparment: with spermatocytes and spermatids
21
Q
Functions of Sertoli cells
A
- support the gametes
- blood-testis-barrier
- phagocytosis
- secretion of:
>ABP
>Tubular fluid
> Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS)
–> stimualted by FSH
22
Q
Lamina propria of seminiferous tubules
A
- contains the myoid cells -_> contraction causes a fluid current
23
Q
Testicular stroma
A
loose CT with blood vessels and nerves
also with Leydig cells
24
Q
Leydig cells
A
- large
- Lipid vacuoles
- secrete testosterone into blood
- stimulated by LH (also called ICSH)
25
Functional significance of Leydig cells
Fetal period: testosterone stimualtes development of male genitals
Puberty: induce Formation of secondary sexual characteristics
Male reproductive period: spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour...
26
Hormonal Regulation of spermatogenesis
LH --> Leydig cells --> testosterone
FSH --> Sertoli cells --> ABP
Testosterone binds to ABP to stimulate spermatogenesis
27
Descent of testes
From abdominal cavity to scrotum through
GUBERNACULUM TESTIS
--> condensation of mesenchyme
28
Male genital ducts
Intratesticular:
straight tubules
Rete testis
```
Extratesticular:
Efferent ductules
duct of epidydimis
ductus deferens
ejacolatory duct
male urethra
```
29
Development of male genital ducts
- during indifferent stage: Mesonephric and paramesoneohric ducts (wolffian and müllerian ducts)
- from 8th week:
Mesonephric tubules --> efferent tubules
Mesonephric duct --> duct of epidydimis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct
30
Straight tubules
- lined by columnar supporting Sertoli cells
| - short
31
Rete tesis
- simple cuboidal epithelium
32
Efferent ductules
- connect channels of rete testis to duct of epididymis
33
Wall of efferent ductule
- pseudostratified columnar
- 3 types of cells
1. Columnar ciliated
2. Cuboidal (with microvilli for Reabsorption of fluid)
3. Basal cells
lamina propria with myocytes that contract
34
Epididymis
- head, Body, tail
| - consists of efferent tubules and duct of epididymis
35
Duct of epididymis
- very convoluted
| - spermatozoa are stored and matured
36
Wall of duct of epididymis
- pseudostratified columnar
- 2 types of cells
1. Principla columnar with stereocilia for Reabsorption
2. Basal (stem) cells
lamina propria with myocytes that contract
37
Wall of ductus deferens
Mucosa:
- pseduostratified
- Lamina propria
Muscular layer:
- inner logitudinal
- middle circular
- outer longitudinal
Adventitia
38
Ejaculatory duct
through prostate Gland --> looses muscular layer and Adventitia!!
Mucosa either with pseudostratified or simple columnar
39
Male accessory glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral glands
40
Seminal vesicles
Mucosa:
- pseudostratified / simple columnar
- lamina propria
Muscular layer
- inner circular
- outer longitudinal
Adventitia
--> secrete fluid that contains Fructose, aa and prostaglandins
41
Prostate gland
- size of walnut
- stroma: dense irregular CT with large amount of muscle fibers
- parenchyma: epithelial tissue
- 30-50 tubuloalveolar Glands
- -> irregular in shape
- -> pseudostratified, simple columnar, cuboidal
- -> secrete alkaline fluid
3 layers of Glands
- Periurethral Glands (mucosa) directly in urethra
- from submucosa and peripeheral layer: have ducts
42
Moprhological and functional zones of prostate gland
1. Transitional Zone: surrounds proximal prostatic urethra
2. Central Zone: surrounds ejaculatory ducts
3. Peripheral Zone: surrounds central Zone
4. Anterior fibromuscular stroma: co glandular tissue, anteriorly
43
Bulbourethral glands
- tubuloalveolar Glands
- structure similar to seminal vesicles
- secrete mucus-like secretion with is the preseminal fluid
44
Semen
Spermatozoa, secretion of seminal vesicles, prostatic Glands and bulourethral glands
