Malocclusion

Question 1

Any alteration in the bone growth of the maxilar, and/or mandible and in the dental positions that impede the correct function of the chewing system with the subsequent consequences that this dysfunction has on the teeth themselves the gums and the bones that support them the temporomandibular joint and facial aesthetics

Answer 1

Malocclusion

Question 2

General factors

Answer 2

Hereditary
congenital defects
oral habits
tongue e trusting
thumb sucking
Lip chewing
Onicophagia
trauma and accidents

Question 3

Local factors

Answer 3

Anomalies in the number of teeth
missing teeth: agenesis
Suprenumerary teeth
anomalies in tooth size
anomalies in dental shape
premature loss of deciduous teeth
Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
cavities
inadequate dental restoration

Question 4

Angle

Answer 4

Class 1
2
3

Question 5

Angle class 1

Answer 5

Normal

When the mesiobuccal cuspid of the first permanent upper molar occludes in the bucal groove of the first permanent lower molar

Question 6

Angle class 2

Answer 6

when the mesiobuccal cuspid of the first permanent upper molar occludes in front of the buccal groove of the first permanent lower molar

Question 7

Angle class 3

Answer 7

Mesiobuccal cusp of the first permanent upper molar occludes behind the buccal groove of the first lower permanent molar

Question 8

Is the anteroposterior relationship between the upper and lower permanent canines

Answer 8

Canine classification

Question 9

Class 1 canine

Answer 9

The cusp of the upper canine occludes between the canine embrasure and the lower first premolar

Question 10

Área occupied by the dental papilla
Tronera

Answer 10

Embrasure

Question 11

Class 2 canine

Answer 11

the cusp of the upper canine occludes in front the embrasure of the canine and the lower first premolar

Question 12

Class 3 canine

Answer 12

the cusp of the upper canine occludes behind the embrasure of the canine and the lower first premolar

Question 13

What is more important to correct? Malocclusion in canines or molars?

Answer 13

Canines

Question 14

Anomalies in the number of teeth

Answer 14

• agenesis
  
  • hypodontia
  • anodontia
• supernumerary teeth
  
  • supplementary teeth
  • conical teeth
  • mesiodens
• hyperdontia

Question 15

Agenesis

Answer 15

the absence of teeth can be seen in both arches
the absence is usually bilateral
agenesis is more common in permanent teeth

Question 16

Two classifications of agenesis

Answer 16

Hypodontia
Anodontia

Question 17

absence of formation of three or more DO
most common:
third molar
upper lateral incisors
second premolars
is one of the fundamental concerns of pediatric dentists and orthodontics due to the occlusal problems it generates causing functional and aesthetic problems over time

Answer 17

Hypodontia

Question 18

disorder in which there are no temporary or permanent teeth because of the congenital absence of tooth germs

this alteration is classified according to the number of missing teeth and can be partial or total

Answer 18

Anodontia

Question 19

Supernumerary teeth

Answer 19

a tooth that appears in addition to the regular number of teeth
they appear more frequently in the maxila
WHEN the affected region is located in the midline of the palate between the two upper central incisors it is called mesiodens
hereditary seems to play a more significant role in cases of missing teeth and also in supernumerary teeth

Question 20

Tree types of supernumerary teeth

Answer 20

• supplementary teeth
• conical teeth
• mesiodens

Question 21

it has normal morphology and size
in permanent teeth as extra upper lateral incisor or as lower incisor
always erupted

Answer 21

Supplementary teeth

Question 22

Extra teeth presented as a conical crown and smaller root than a normal tooth

Answer 22

Conical teeth

Question 23

Extra tooth located in the premaxilla near the midline between the upper central incisors
it can also appears between lower CI

Answer 23

Mesiodens

Question 24

Hyperdontia

Answer 24

having more than the regular number of teeth
due to the hyperactivity of the dental lamina with the consequent formation of additional tooth germs

Question 25

Anomalies in tooth size

Answer 25

is genetically determined MEN tend to have more square dimensions and WOMEN show a greater reduction in Bucio-lingual size than in mesio-distal size in relation to tooth size it is observed that MENs teeth are larger than WOMENs - microdontia (true generalized, relative generalized, localized) - macrodontia (true generalized, relative generalized, localized)

Question 26

Teeth smaller than the limits of variation considered normal Tree types

Answer 26

Microdontia

Question 27

Tree types of microdontia

Answer 27

True generalized microdontia (tiburonsin) Relative generalized microdontia 3-5 teeth Localized microdontia Most common Usually: upper lateral incisors and third molars 1-2 teeth

Question 28

teeth bigger that the limits of variation considered normal Tree types

Answer 28

Macrodontia

Question 29

Tree types of macrodontia

Answer 29

True generalized macrodontia Relative generalized macrodontia localized macrodontia

Question 30

Type of macrodontia That it is Very rare condition and has been observed in some cases of pituitary gigantism and hemifacial hypertrophy

Answer 30

True generalized macrodontia

Question 31

Type of macrodontia That It is the result of the bone-dental discrepancy where the size of the teeth is bigger related to the jaws.

Answer 31

Relative generalized macrodontia

Question 32

Type of macrodontia That It is not common and its etiology is unknown *upper central incisors normal tooth in all respects except is sized

Answer 32

localized macrodontia

Question 33

Anomalies in dental shape

Answer 33

dental morphology is determined by genetics alteration in the shape of the teeth can be present in any dental group - fusion - gemination - dilaceration - dens in dente (invagination)

Question 34

union of two developing teeth into a single structure may have two independent pulp canals

Answer 34

Fusión

Question 35

from a single enamel organ two teeth form or attempt to form normally there is only one pulp canal

Answer 35

Gemination

Question 36

its an **excessive root angulation** and may be the result of a *trauma* in the deciduous dentition

Answer 36

Dilaceration

Question 37

lingual invagination of the enamel and can occur in primary and permanent teeth

Answer 37

Dens in dente (invagination)

Question 38

Espacio entre dientes

Answer 38

Trema

Question 39

Espacio entre los centrales superiores

Answer 39

Diastema

Question 40

Anomalies in dental eruption

Answer 40

Premature loss of deciduous teeth Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth

Question 41

Refers of the early loss of deciduous teeth that can compromise the natural maintenance of the perimeter or arch length and therefore the eruption of the substitute tooth

Answer 41

Premature loss of deciduous teeth

Question 42

Deciduous teeth not only serve as dental organs for chewing but also as maintainers for the permanent teeth They also keep the antagonist teeth in their correct occlusal level the temporary dentition must be kept intact UNTIL THE MOMENT OF REPLACEMENT, THEY HELP TO MAINTAIN THE THAT THE PERMANENT TEETH WILL NEED TO ERUPT

Answer 42

Importance of temporary dentition

Question 43

premature loss of primary teeth is a severe problem that causes in the future Problems Like:

Answer 43

loss of dental balance shortening of the arch length due to mesialization of the posterior tooth extrusion of the opposing teeth problems in the TMJ early orthotic treatments

Question 44

there are multiples causes of premature loss of primary teeth the most common are:

Answer 44

Diseases :: dental caries, periodontitis ,atypical root resorptions Involuntary causes :: trauma observed in the crown or the root ( falls accident), affect the upper anterior teeth Bad oral habits :: mobility and early tooth loss

Question 45

Before removing any primary OD it is necessary to obtain a …

Answer 45

it is necessary to obtain a **rx periapical** The presence and position of the permanent successor must be established as well as the state of the root formation of the primary tooth to be extracted

Question 46

When does it started to be a case of **prolonged retention of deciduous teeth** And when is the normal time

Answer 46

A delay of **more than six months** occurs we may be facing a case of prolonged retention of the primary tooth or delayed eruption Normal: more or less than 6 months

Question 47

Mechanical interferences like PROLONGED RETENTION OF DECIDUOUS TEETH can cause bad positions and this would lead a malocclusion And …

Answer 47

ectopic eruption, lead to the deciduous to never reabsorb their roots Agenesis: La falta de formación del permanente

Question 48

Greater prevalence in __ __teeth to erupt late

Answer 48

Second primary molar Canines

Question 49

Why does the second primary molars, canines are most likely to erupt late

Answer 49

The common causes are: **agenesis**, impaction of the permanent successor or dental **ankylosis**, which is also common in the deciduous dentition preventing the normal exfoliation of the deciduous and the eruption of the permanent successor ** The permanence of temporary teeth in the mouth and their **lack of exfoliation** (que se caigan los deciduous) may also be due to the agenesis of the permanent teeth in turn

Question 50

Physical barriers that can delay eruption

Answer 50

bone crypts at the line of eruption of the permanent tooth, supernumerary teeth that prevent the eruption

Question 51

Also physical barriers can affect the direction of eruption and establish an abnormal eruption pathway.

Answer 51

PB like supernumerary, dec roots, bone barriers

Question 52

union / fusion between a tooth and the alveolar bone. This is due to a type of injury, which causes perforation of the periodontal ligament and the formation of a bone bridge joining the cement and the hard sheet. we can dx this by a radiografía periapical, percusión, movilidad

Answer 52

Anquilosis

Question 53

**CAVITIES** can be considered one of the many local factors that can cause a malocclusion this can lead to:

Answer 53

premature loss of deciduous or permanent teeth subsequent displacement of adjacent teeth abnormal axial inclination loss of arch length

Question 54

Relashionship between cavities and maloclusions

Answer 54

*Interproximal caries in the primary dentition* represent one of the most causes of loss, the winged tooth migrates towards the cavity producing a **shortening of the arch length and breaking the balance of the forces** that keep the tooth in occlusion

Question 55

Anomalies in dental structure

Answer 55

Imperfect amelogenesis Imperfect dentogenesis Dentin dysplasia

Question 56

hereditary disorder of enamel formation affecting primary and permanent dentition There are 3 types

Answer 56

Imperfect amelogenesis

Question 57

3 types of imperfect amelogenesis

Answer 57

Hypoplasia Hypocalcifies Hypomaduration

Question 58

Type of imperfect amelogenesis Where the enamel does not have normal **thickness** in certain areas or in its entirety

Answer 58

Hypoplasia

Question 59

Type of imperfect amelogenesis Where the enamel has a normal thickness but is **fragile and can be easily removed**

Answer 59

Hypocalcifies

Question 60

Type of imperfect amelogenesis Where the thickness of the enamel is normal but it doesn’t have a normal **hardness and transparency** and **opaque spots appear** on the incisal edges of the teeth

Answer 60

Hypomaduration

Question 61

It consists on opalescent teeth made up of **irregularly formed and hypomineralized dentin that obliterates the coronal root and pulp chambers.** The teeth range in color from bluish gray to yellowish. The dentin is abnormally soft, despite to the exposure of dentin the teeth are not especially prone to dental caries.

Answer 61

Imperfect dentogenesis

Question 62

It is an inherited disorder characterized by **abnormal dentin formation and abnormal pulp morphology** Two types

Answer 62

Dentin dysplasia

Question 63

Dentin dysplasia Type I

Answer 63

Root dentin dysplasia

Question 64

Dentin dysplasia Type I - root dentin dysplasia

Answer 64

Teeth are affected in both dentitions. The teeth have a normal color and in some cases may present a bluish or brown transparency in the cervical region. **The roots of the teeth are short, blunt, bulging, conical, or absent.**

Question 65

Dentin dysplasia Type II

Answer 65

Coronal dentin dysplasia

Question 66

Dentin dysplasia Type II - coronal dentin dysplasia

Answer 66

Both the primary and permanent dentition are affected, however the appearance of the temporary teeth is different from the permanent teeth. Primary teeth clinically show a bluish gray, brown or yellowish color and have a translucent or opalescent appearance and the **roots in both dentitions are normal**.