Mammary Gland Pathology

Question 1

Define: Galactorrhea

Answer 1

Inappropriate milk production by pregnant female prior to parturition

Question 2

Tx: Galactorrhea

Answer 2

Rule out mastitis
Do not milk out
Mastectomy

Question 3

Define: Agalactia

Answer 3

No/too little milk

Question 4

Define: Sow MMA Syndrome

Answer 4

Mastitis/Metritis/Agalactia
First 3 days = udder but no letdown or drying up
Limited treatment

Question 5

Cause: Ergotism

Answer 5

Tall fescue
Ergopeptine alkaloids = inhibits prolactin secretion

Question 6

Tx: Ergotism

Answer 6

Domperidone

Question 7

Milk Letdown Failure in Calves

Answer 7

Stress-induced (interferes with oxytocin effects)
First-lactation dairy cows

Question 8

Risk Factors: Udder Edema

Answer 8

First calving
Feeding excess salt
Obesity, inactivity, over-conditioning

Question 9

Tx: Udder Edema

Answer 9

Dietary Cation-Anion Different Diet
Antioxidants
Diuretics
Early Milk Out

Question 10

Sequelae: Udder Edema

Answer 10

Interferes with milk removal
Disrupts median suspensory ligament
Frostbite

Question 11

Clinical Severity: Mastitis

Answer 11

Question 12

California Mastitis Test Scores

Answer 12

Question 13

Tx: Mastitis

Answer 13

Intramammary Abx
Systemic Abx
NSAIDs
Fluids/supportive care
Cull/euthanasia
Kill quarter, amputate teat

Question 14

Source, Clinical Appearance, Ability to Colonize, Duration of Infection, Potential for Cow-Cow Transfer of Mastitis Pathogens

Answer 14

Question 15

What pathogens are considered environmental vs contagious?

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the single most effective practice to reduce incidence of contagious mastitis?

Answer 16

Post-milking teat dipping

Question 17

What are the keys to controlling environmental mastitis?

Answer 17

Integrity of the teat end immune defenses, along with pre-milking teat dip and clean housing and hygienic milking practices