management and leadership Flashcards
(33 cards)
Explain what is meant by management.
The process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve business objectives.
What are the key functions of management?
- Planning
- leading
- coordinating
- organizing
- controlling.
What are the three roles of a manager?
- Interpersonal (hiring, motivating, organizing)
- Informational (communicating between departments)
- Decision-making (using authority to guide the business).
What is Management by Objectives (MBO)?
A goal-setting process where objectives are agreed upon at all levels to align efforts across the organization.
What are the advantages of MBO?
- Clear responsibilities
- improved control
- better communication
- motivated workforce
- coordination across departments.
What are the disadvantages of MBO?
- Time-consuming
- goals may become outdated
- risk of demotivation
- may feel like control
- short-term focus.
What does Theory X suggest about workers?
They are lazy, lack ambition, avoid responsibility, and need supervision.
What does Theory Y suggest about workers?
They are self-motivated, ambitious, enjoy responsibility, and can be trusted.
What are the consequences of Theory X management?
- High supervision
- reduced innovation
- rigid structure
- centralized decisions.
What are the consequences of Theory Y management?
- Delegation
- improved communication
- high motivation
- flexible and creative workforce.
Why is management important to a business and its stakeholders?
Ensures direction, coordination, motivation, productivity, and stakeholder confidence.
Explain what is meant by leadership.
Leadership involves setting vision, motivating others, and guiding the business toward strategic goals.
What roles do leaders play?
Create vision, empower, anticipate problems, make structural decisions, innovate.
What is autocratic leadership?
where the manager sets objectives, allocates tasks and insists on obedience.
What are the advantages of autocratic leadership?
- Fast decision-making
- clear expectations
- effective with unskilled staff.
What are the disadvantages of autocratic leadership?
- Low morale
- no input
- stifles creativity
- high staff turnover.
What is democratic leadership
encourage participation by employees in the decision making process
What are the advantages of democratic leadership?
- Better decisions
- higher motivation
- encourages innovation
- builds trust.
What are the disadvantages of democratic leadership?
- Slow decisions
- confusion in large groups
- not ideal in crises
- some prefer direction.
What is bureaucratic leadership?
focused on following established rules, procedures, and a strict hierarchy
What are the advantages of bureaucratic leadership?
- Good for routine tasks
- clear procedures.
What are the disadvantages of bureaucratic leadership?
- Too much paperwork
-stifles creativity - demotivating.
What is laissez-faire leadership?
a leader has minimal input,
leaving much of the running of the business to the staff, allowing them to carry out activities freely within broad limits.
What are the advantages of laissez-faire leadership?
- Encourages creativity
- relaxed environment
- suits skilled staff.
