Management Process: Directing

Question 1

Leaders should apply techniques, skills, and knowledge of motivational theory to help workers achieve what they want out of work.

Answer 1

Directing

Question 2

______ is the force within the individual that influences or directs behavior.

Answer 2

Motivation

Question 3

Motivational Theories (6)

Answer 3

• Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs and Theory of Human Motivation
• Operant Conditioning and Behavior Modification
• Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
• Vroom’s Expectancy Model
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
• McClelland’s Three Basic Needs

Question 4

_______, people are motivated to satisfy certain needs, from basic survival to complex psychological needs, and people seek a higher need only when the lower needs have been met.

Answer 4

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Theory of Human Motivation

Question 5

_______ demonstrated that people could be conditioned to behave in a certain way based on a consistent reward or punishment system

Answer 5

Skinner; Operant Conditioning and Behavior Modification

Question 6

_______ believed that employees can be motivated by the work itself and that there is an internal or personal need to meet organizational goals.

Answer 6

Frederick Herzberg; Two-Factor Theory

Question 7

_______, looks at motivation in terms of the person’s valence, or preferences based on social values.

Answer 7

Victor Vroom

Question 8

A person’s expectations about his or her environment or a certain event will influence behavior.

Answer 8

Vroom’s Expectancy Model

Question 9

_______ examined the importance of a manager’s assumptions about workers on the intrinsic motivation of the workers.

Answer 9

Douglas McGregor; Theory X and Theory Y

Question 10

_______ examined what motives guide a person to action.

Answer 10

David McClelland; Three Basic Needs

Question 11

McClelland’s Three Basic Needs

Answer 11

Achievement-oriented
Affiliation-oriented
Power-oriented

Question 12

______ people actively focus on improving what is; they transform ideas into action, judiciously and wisely, taking risks when necessary.

Answer 12

Achievement-oriented

Question 13

______ people focus their energies on families and friends; their overt productivity is less because they view their contribution to society in a different light from those who are achievement oriented.

Answer 13

Affiliation-oriented

Question 14

______ people are motivated by the power that can be gained as a result of a specific action. They want to command attention, get recognition, and control others.

Answer 14

Power-oriented

Question 15

______ is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.

Answer 15

Communication

Question 16

Channels of communication

Answer 16

Upward
Downward
Horizontal
Diagonal
Grapevine

Question 17

The manager is a subordinate to higher management.

Answer 17

Upward Communication

Question 18

The manager relays information to subordinates.

Answer 18

Downward Communication

Question 19

Managers interact with others on the same hierarchical level as themselves who are managing different segments of the organization.

Answer 19

Horizontal Communication

Question 20

The manager interacts with personnel and managers of other departments and groups who are not on the same level of the organizational hierarchy.

Answer 20

Diagonal Communication

Question 21

Flows quickly and haphazardly among people at all hierarchical levels and usually involves three or four people at a time.

Answer 21

Grapevine Communication

Question 22

Communication Skills

Answer 22

Assertive
Passive
Aggressive
Passive-aggressive

Question 23

______ communication allows people to express themselves in direct, honest, and appropriate ways that do not infringe on another person’s rights.

Answer 23

Assertive

Question 24

_______ communication occurs when a person suffers in silence although he or she may feel strongly about the issue.

Answer 24

Passive

Question 25

______ communication is generally direct, threatening, and condescending.

Answer 25

Aggressive

Question 26

______ communication is an aggressive message presented in a passive way. This person feigns withdrawal in an effort to manipulate the situation.

Answer 26

Passive-aggressive

Question 27

SBAR

Answer 27

Situation Background Assessment Recommendation

Question 28

Principles for Social Networking and the Nurse

Answer 28

Nurses must not transmit or place online individually identifiable patient information. Nurses must observe ethically prescribed professional patient–nurse boundaries. Nurses should understand that patients, colleagues, institutions, and employers may view postings. Nurses should take advantage of privacy settings and seek to separate personal and professional information online. Nurses should bring content that could harm a patient’s privacy, rights, or welfare to the attention of appropriate authorities. Nurses should participate in developing institutional policies governing online conduct.

Question 29

______ is getting work done through others or as directing the performance of one or more people to accomplish organizational goals.

Answer 29

Delegation

Question 30

5 Rights in Delegation

Answer 30

Right Task Right Circumstances Right Person Right Direction or Communication Right Level of Supervision

Question 31

Criteria for Delegation to Unlicensed Personnel

Answer 31

1) Frequently recur in the daily care of a client or group of clients 2) Are performed according to an established (standardized) sequence of step 3) Involve little or no modification from one client-care situation to another 4) Maybe performed with a predictable outcome 5) Do not inherently involve ongoing assessment, interpretation, or decision making which cannot be logically separated from the procedure(s) itself 6) Do not endanger the health or well-being of clients are allowed by agency policy/procedures

Question 32

Do delegate

Answer 32

ADLs Range of motion/positioning Data collection (intake and output, weight, etc.)

Question 33

Don't delegate

Answer 33

Assessments and reassessments Care planning and evaluation When to contact physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant

Question 34

______ generally defined as the internal or external discord that results from differences in ideas, values, or feelings between two or more people

Answer 34

Conflict

Question 35

______ is neither good nor bad, and it can produce growth or destruction, depending on how it is managed.

Answer 35

Conflict

Question 36

Categories of Conflict

Answer 36

Intergroup Conflict Intrapersonal Conflict Interpersonal Conflict

Question 37

______ conflict occurs between two or more groups of people, departments, and organizations.

Answer 37

Intergroup

Question 38

______ conflict occurs within the person. It involves an internal struggle to clarify contradictory values or wants.

Answer 38

Intrapersonal

Question 39

______ conflict happens between two or more people with differing values, goals, and beliefs and may be closely linked with bullying, incivility, and mobbing.

Answer 39

Interpersonal

Question 40

______ is repeated, offensive, abusive, intimidating, or insulting behaviors; abuse of power; or unfair sanctions that make recipients feel humiliated, vulnerable, or threatened, thus creating stress and undermining their self-confidence.

Answer 40

Bullying

Question 41

______ is behavior that lacks authentic respect for others that requires time, presence, willingness to engage in genuine discourse and intention to seek common ground.

Answer 41

Incivility

Question 42

______ occurs when employees “gang up” on an individual.

Answer 42

Mobbing

Question 43

When bullying, incivility, and mobbing occur in the workplace, this is known as ______.

Answer 43

Workplace Violence

Question 44

Conflict Resolution Strategies

Answer 44

Avoiding Collaborating Compromising Competing Cooperating Smoothing

Question 45

______ parties involved are aware of a conflict but choose not to acknowledge it or attempt to resolve it.

Answer 45

Avoiding

Question 46

______ all parties set aside their original goals and work together to establish a supraordinate or priority common goal.

Answer 46

Collaborating

Question 47

______ each party gives up something it wants.

Answer 47

Compromising

Question 48

______ one party pursues what it wants at the expense of others.

Answer 48

Competing

Question 49

______ one party sacrifices his or her beliefs and allows the other party to win.

Answer 49

Cooperating

Question 50

______ one party in a conflict attempts to pacify the other party or to focus on agreements rather that differences.

Answer 50

Smoothing