Managing coasts Flashcards
What are the 3 ways you can manage a coastline?
Hard engineering,
soft engineering
and managed retreat.
What is managed retreat?
When you allow the sea to flood the low-lying land as a CONTROLLED RETREAT of the coastline.
What are the types of hard engineering methods?
Sea walls, groynes, rock armour and gabions.
What are the types of soft engineering?
Beach nourishment, dune regeneration and dune fencing.
Why is soft engineering more used than hard engineering?
Soft engineering schemes are cheaper and more sustainable.
Why is hard engineering used less?
Because they are expensive,
have a high maintenance cost,
can alter wave patterns which cause erosion further down coast,
and they look unnatural.
What are gabions?
Wire cages filled with rock supporting cliffs.
What is rock armour?
Piles of boulders dumped at a cliff-foot.
What are groynes?
Timber or rock structures that trap sediment.
What is dune regeneration?
Marram grass are planted to stabilise dunes or fencing is used to protect it.
How are groynes designed to reduce beach erosion?
They are designed to stop material being moved
_________________ by ____________________.
They build up the amount of sand on the ________________ to act as a buffer against __________________.
along the beach
longshore drift
updrift side
wave attack
How is rock armour designed to reduce beach erosion?
Consists of massive _______________________ piled up at the base of a cliff that ____________________.
The rocks have ______ in-between them that allow water through.
This _____________ the energy of the waves and reduces their _______________________.
blocks of natural rock
erode very slowly
gaps
disperses
erosional power
What was the main strategy of the coastal realignment scheme at Medmerry, Sussex?
Managed retreat
How much did the coastal realignment scheme at Medmerry, Sussex, cost in total?
£28 million.
