Urban challenges and opportunities (Rio)

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

The increasing percentage of the population
living in towns and cities.

Question 2

What are the two reasons cities grow?

Answer 2

Rural-urban migration and natural increase.

Question 3

Outline one reason why rates of natural increase are high in many cities
in LIC/NEEs.

There is _________________ so more ____________________ and the ____________________, leading to natural increase.

Answer 3

better healthcare
more children survive
population grows

Question 4

Why do immigrants move to large cities?

Answer 4

For more job opportunities.

Question 5

What is natural increase?

Answer 5

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

Question 6

What 2 things cause a lower death rate?

Answer 6

1. Smaller proportion of older people.
2. Improvements in healthcare.

Question 7

What are the type of urban growth challenges?

Answer 7

Healthcare, education, water supply and energy.

Question 8

What are 2 push factors from the countryside?

Answer 8

Subsistence farming leaves little to sell and make profit.

Only a very basic level of education provided by schools.

Question 9

What are 2 pull factors to the city?

Answer 9

Better paid jobs.

Family and friends already live there.

Question 10

Why has Rio’s population grown rapidly?

Answer 10

Because people carry out rural-urban migration in search of jobs.

Question 11

What are the 3 types of mega-cities?

Answer 11

Slow-growing.

Growing.

Rapid growing.

Question 12

What is 1 effect faced by LICS/ NEES as a result of poor road quality?

Answer 12

Roads are poor quality, meaning that people drive more slowly.

Question 13

What is 1 problem faced by LICS/ NEES as a result of traffic congestion?

Answer 13

Traffic moves very slowly, so more people are late to work.

Question 14

What is a favela?

Answer 14

An illegal settlement, (when people build on land that’s not their own).

Question 15

What is Rio’s favela we are studying called?

Answer 15

Rocinha favela.

Question 16

What are the 4 challenges in favelas?

Answer 16

Poor construction,
high crime rate,
unemployment
and poor healthcare.

Question 17

What is the statistic for the population that have a local family health clinic?

Answer 17

Only 55% of Rio.

Question 18

What is the statistic for the poorest children that can’t go school in Rio?

Answer 18

25% of the poorest children.

Question 19

What is the statistic for lost water and how is it lost?

Answer 19

37% of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access.

Question 20

Why is Rio nationally important to Brazil?

Because it has a ________________ with important ________________ and ________________ industries.

Answer 20

major trading port
oil refining
ship building

Question 21

Why is Rio internationally important (1 reason)?

Answer 21

A major tourist destination.

Question 22

What are the economic opportunities in Rio/ with a statistic?

Answer 22

Because of the dense population, there are more employment opportunities. Provides 6% of employment in Brazil.

Question 23

What are the statistics for deaths of air pollution per year?

Answer 23

5000 deaths per year.

Question 24

What is one way Rio has reduced traffic congestion/ air pollution?

Answer 24

Expansion of the metro system under the Guanabara Bay.

Question 25

What is one way transport improved in Complexo do Alemão during the Favela Bairro Project?

Answer 25

Installation of a cable car where inhabitants are given one free return ticket a day.

Question 26

What are the statistics for water pollution in Guanabara Bay?

Answer 26

700 tonnes of raw sewage is poured into Guanabara Bay.

Question 27

The budget for the Favela Bairro project is $____________.

Answer 27

1 billion

Question 28

What is the name of the hydropower project that increases Rio’s supply of electricity by 30%?

Answer 28

Simplício Hydroelectric Complex.

Question 29

What are the 2 types of economy?

Answer 29

Formal economy.
Informal economy.

Question 30

What is an informal economy?

Answer 30

Economic activities that are not regulated or protected by the state.

Question 31

True or false: Workers in an informal economy pay taxes and the government receives income from them.

Answer 31

False.

Question 32

How does an industrialised area provide development in the surrounding area of the city?
1.
2.
3.

Answer 32

1. Attracts other industries to the area.
2. Provides money for public services.
3. Attracts foreign investment.