MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Question 1

Systems Development Life Cycle is also known as?

Answer 1

Software life cycle or Application life cycle

Question 2

refers to the stages in the conception, design, creation, and implementation of an information system

Answer 2

Systems Development Life Cycle

Question 3

Describes a formal, integrated, and usually time-limited process of gathering data about the needs and opportunities of end users and their manager

Answer 3

Needs Assessment

Question 4

Considers one or more alternate designs and
analyzes their advantages and disadvantages

Answer 4

Alternative Analysis

Question 5

Creation of detailed specifications for the
proposed system

Answer 5

Design

Question 6

Creation or purchase of the hardware and software necessary to implement the design and testing to ensure that it meets specifications

Answer 6

Development

Question 7

Deactivating the old system and activating
the new one

Answer 7

Implementation

Question 8

Fixing errors, or bugs, in the way that the system operates

Answer 8

Maintenance

Question 9

Systems Development Life Cycle stages (NADDIM)

Answer 9

Needs Assessment
Alternative Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Maintenance

Question 10

What is Output Analysis?

Answer 10

Describes the systematic identification of ways people in an organization use information

Question 11

Refers to formal cataloguing and review of the information an organization collects, stores, and uses

Answer 11

Input Analysis

Question 12

Attempts to determine whether the organization collects the information it needs, uses the information it collects, and has efficient process to address the organization’s information needs

Answer 12

Procedure Analysis

Question 13

A person who provides an interface between information systems users and information systems developers

Answer 13

Systems Analyst

Question 14

Methodologies and Tools for needs assessment (IOQSDR)

Answer 14

Interviews
Onsite Observation
Questionnaires
Structured Analysis
Data dictionary
Reverse engineering

Question 15

determining ROI (ratio of the benefits of an
investment to the amount of the investment)

Answer 15

ROI Analysis

Question 16

identifying where risks might arise and trade risk
against cost and benefits

Answer 16

Risk Analysis

Question 17

– the specification of the media, content, and
form of input and output

Answer 17

Interface Design

Question 18

The model of data supporting the system

Answer 18

Data design

Question 19

The design of both the computational and logical processes underlying the system

Answer 19

Process design

Question 20

The generation of an object model

Answer 20

Object Design

Question 21

Decisions about the hardware used to deliver the system

Answer 21

Physical Design

Question 22

Creation of tests that ensure the proper operation of developed systems

Answer 22

Test Design

Question 23

Means for communicating the design to the programmers who will implement it

Answer 23

Design Specification

Question 24

Development activities include:

Answer 24

1. Making a develop-or-purchase decision
2. Selecting and procuring hardware
3. Selecting an appropriate language
4. Testing

Question 25

what are the three development tools (SRC)

Answer 25

1. Screen generators 2. Report generators 3. Code generators

Question 26

What are the levels of testing? (UCIS)

Answer 26

1. Unit testing 2. Component testing 3. Integration testing 4. System Testing

Question 27

What are the two stages of systems testing?

Answer 27

1st stage - performance 2nd stage - usability

Question 28

What are the implementation Strategies?

Answer 28

Direct cut-over Pilot Implementation Phased Implementation Parallel Implementation

Question 29

Replaces old system with new system overnight

Answer 29

Direct cut-over

Question 30

Uses the new system in one or more parts of the organization and later in entire company

Answer 30

Pilot Implementation

Question 31

Introduces components of the new system one at a time

Answer 31

Phased Implementation

Question 32

Refers to all activities related to a system after its implementation and before a full-fledged needs assessment

Answer 32

Maintenance

Question 33

Maintenance includes activities such as

Answer 33

Fixing Software that does not operate properly Adding features to systems in response to new user demands Performing periodic post-implementation reviews

Question 34

What do post-implementation reviews entail? (ESD)

Answer 34

Evaluate how well the system meets user needs Sets priorities for new development Determine when to begin a new needs assessment

Question 35

Four different development pathways (WSPA)

Answer 35

- Waterfall model - Spiral approach - Prototyping - Agile Programming

Question 36

This development pathway follows SDLC in sequence, moves in only one direction, highly inflexible, and no component of the system is delivered until the near end of the project

Answer 36

Waterfall model

Question 37

This development pathway: - implements systems according to the 80/20 rule of greatest need - often use a time-box concept to pace development - delivers the product rapidly -constant rework of existing versions

Answer 37

Spiral approach

Question 38

This development pathway: - Focuses on the user interface through repetition of design and development stages

Answer 38

Prototyping

Question 39

This development pathway has Several methodologies that focus on being reactive to changing user demands and that target small development and projects requiring minimal documentation. It assesses needs and develops specifications during development

Answer 39

Agile Programming

Question 40

This development pathway will be used on large, complex projects with many stakeholders

Answer 40

Waterfall

Question 41

This development pathway will be used for dynamic organizations that can tolerate ambiguity and need results fast

Answer 41

Spiral approach

Question 42

This development pathway will be used for small-to-medium orihects where the requirements are vague or unclear

Answer 42

Prototyping

Question 43

This development pathway is used for small projects with experienced, competent developers and users willing to take part in the development process

Answer 43

Agile programming

Question 44

Advantages of waterfall

Answer 44

no rework easy to manage

Question 45

Disadvantages of Waterfall

Answer 45

highly inflexible; no interim deliveries

Question 46

Advantages of spiral

Answer 46

rapid product delivery; progress easy to see

Question 47

Disadvantages of spiral

Answer 47

constant rework; high costs

Question 48

Advantages of prototyping (SSAI)

Answer 48

Short time between analysis and implementation System better meets needs Avoids unnecessary costs Increased interaction between users and developers

Question 49

Disadvantages of prototyping (RCD)

Answer 49

Raises user expectations Cost savings not guaranteed Delays system functionality

Question 50

Advantages of Agile Programming

Answer 50

Rapid product delivery; Responsiveness to user needs

Question 51

Disadvantages of agile programming

Answer 51

Harder to apply quality concepts such as process measurement and improvement Can fail dramatically with weak developers

Question 52

describe the relationship among the elements of data that an organization uses

Answer 52

Data Models

Question 53

Divide a process into its parts, show how these parts relate to one another, and indicate which outputs of one process are input to other processes

Answer 53

Process Models

Question 54

Examples of process models

Answer 54

Structure charts; Function boxes; Data-flow diagrams

Question 55

Describe the properties of objects, their relationship to one another, and the functions they perform

Answer 55

Object Models

Question 56

Shows the relationship among the programs and subprograms that will comprise the finished system

Answer 56

Structure Charts

Question 57

Lines show the relationships between the inputs and outputs of the procedures

Answer 57

Function boxes

Question 58

This models the data flow between processes

Answer 58

Data-flow diagrams

Question 59

Why Systems Development Projects Succeed or Fail? (RSMPR)

Answer 59

Risk Scope Management Process Resources

Question 60

Types of organizational structures for locating control and resources (CDH)

Answer 60

Centralized Decentralized Hybrid

Question 61

Advantages of outsourcing

Answer 61

Reduce costs Allows more rapid or timely development Consolidates operations Frees management to focus on business Offers improved reliability and stability

Question 62

Disadvantages of Outsourcing

Answer 62

Locks company into a provider Fails to guarantee responsiveness Reduces control Removes knowledge of processes from the company Decreases ability to use IT strategically

Question 63

Three different allocation methods

Answer 63

Unallocated cost center Allocated cost center Profit Center

Question 64

All IS costs are considered in organizational expense

Answer 64

Unallocated cost center

Question 65

IS department allocates costs to departments that use its services

Answer 65

Allocated cost center

Question 66

IS charges internal and external users the same and attempts to get both kinds of businesses

Answer 66

Profit center

Question 67

All staffs involved in technical functions

Answer 67

Chief Information Officer Strategic Planner and Technology Assessment Specialist Data Administrator and Database Administrator Network Administrator Web Master Project Manager Applications Development Manager Systems Analyst Software Engineer Programmer User Trainer and User Assistant Operations and Technical Support Staff Data Entry Clerks

Question 68

help business managers trade off cost against the level of service they want from their technology support staff

Answer 68

Service level agreements (SLAs)

Question 69

a statement of the objectives of the agreement

Answer 69

Service objectives

Question 70

The department, customers, vendors involved

Answer 70

Parties

Question 71

The people who serve as the liaisons to the parties involved

Answer 71

Points of contact

Question 72

The specific responsibilities of each jobholder

Answer 72

Responsibilities

Question 73

The metric that reflect whether the objectives have been accomplished

Answer 73

Performance measures

Question 74

The procedures for changing the contract or expediting the process

Answer 74

Escalation guidelines

Question 75

The provisions for negotiating the service level agreement

Answer 75

Renegotiation

Question 76

Ways in which organizations easily compromise their security (POLICY FAULTS)

Answer 76

 Failing to create a security policy  Maintaining email and login accounts of terminal employees  Failing to assess importance of information assets and cost of their compromise  Failing to educate employees about proper security practices  Failing to install and use firewall hardware and software

Question 77

Ways in which organizations easily compromise their security (FAULTY OPERATIONAL PRACTICES)

Answer 77

 Failing to back up data regularly  Failing to secure servers and networks physically  Failing to update virus software regularly  Failing to install software patches regularly  Using easy-to-guess passwords and leaving passwords in easily found locations  Leaving the default passwords on newly installed systems  Leaving workstations logged in while unattended