Mandibular Premolars Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
How many Mandibular premolars are located in the mandible?
A
4
2
Q
Mandibular premolars are succedaneous teeth and replace the:
A
Primary molars
3
Q
Mandibular first premolar develops from _____ lobes.
A
4
4
Q
Name the 4 lobes that the mandibular first premolar develops from:
A
3 facial, 1 lingual
5
Q
The Mandibular second premo9lar develops from _____ lobes
A
4 or 5
6
Q
Describe the 4 or 5 lobes that the mandibular second premolar develops from:
A
3 facial and 1-2 lingual
7
Q
Name the views of the mandibular premolar
A
Top left: buccal
Top right: lingual
Bottom left: mesial
Bottom right: distal
Middle: occlusal
8
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
What is the geometric shape of this tooth?
A
Trapezoidal
9
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Describe the buccal lobe:
A
Well developed, with a prominent buccal ridge
10
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
The buccal cusp resembles the ______ but the cusp is ______.
A
Mandibular canine but the cusp tip is more rounded
11
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Label the red region:
A
Buccal ridge
12
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
The mesial slope of the buccal cusp is ____ than the distal slope of the buccal cusp
A
Shorter
13
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Why is it significant that from this view, the mesial cusp arm is shorter than the distal?
A
This is the opposite of the maxillary 1st premolar
14
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Label the mesial and distal cusp arms/slopes
A
Left: distal
Right: mesial
15
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Describe the mesial and distal outlines:
A
Slightly concave
16
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Where are the mesial and distal heights of contour?
A
Middle 1/3
17
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
The cervical is much narrower ______ than the crown width at the _____
A
Mesiodistally; contact areas
18
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Describe the cervical line
A
Exhibits little curvature
19
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
The buccal surface is ___ especially at the ____ & ____
A
Convex; cervical and middle 1/3
20
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
Compare the root of the first mandibular premolar to that of the canine:
A
3-4 mm shorter
21
Q
First mandibular premolar: buccal view
The root curves:
A
Distally
22
Q
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The crown and root taper markedly _____.
A
Toward the lingual
23
Q
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
Describe the lingual cusp
A
Small
24
Q
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The lingual cusp may resemble the:
A
Cingulum of a canine
25
From this occlusal view, mark what is facial and what is lingual:
Top of image: facial
Bottom of image: lingual
26
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The occlusal surface slopes ____ in a ___ direction.
This can be visible from a ____ view.
Lingually; cervical
Lingual
27
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The lingual cusp can be described as:
Smoothly convex in all directions
28
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The mesial and distal outlines are ___ from the ____ to the _____.
Concave; cervical margin to the contact areas
29
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
What is a prominent anatomical feature from this view?
Mesiolingual developmental groove
30
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
What demarcates the lingual love from the mesiobuccal lobe?
Mesiolingual developmental groove
31
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The mesiolingual developmental groove demarcates the ___ from the _____ .
Lingual lobe from the mesiobuccal lobe
32
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
Anatomical feature responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp
Mesiolingual developmental groove
33
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The mesiolingual developmental groove groove separates the ____ from the ____
Mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp
34
Label the anatomical features:
A: mesial marginal ridge
B: Mesiolingual developmental groove
C: Lingual cusp
35
Label the following anatomical features of the mandibular 1st premolar:
A: mesial marginal ridge
B: mesiolingual developmental groove
C: Lingual cusp
36
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The root tapers:
Lingually
37
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
What aspects of the root are visible?
Lingual, mesial and distal aspects
38
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
The root tapers to a:
Pointed apex
39
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
What is located mesially on the root?
Developmental depressions/grooves
40
First mandibular premolar: lingual view
What anatomical features can be seen on the root and where?
Mesial developmental depressions/grooves
41
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
Geometrical shape of the outline?
Rhomboidal
42
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The buccal outline is very:
Curved/convex
43
What view is this image of the mandibular 1st premolar from?
Mesial view
44
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The buccal cusp tip is:
Centered over the midline of the root
45
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The buccal height of contour is at the:
Junction of middle and cervical 1/3
46
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
Compared to the buccal view, the lingual view:
Less convex in outline
47
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The lingual height of contour is in the:
Middle 1/3
48
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The lingual height of contour is ____ to the ____.
Lingual to the outline of the root
49
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The lingual height of contour can be described as: (in reference to root trunk)
Overhanging the root trunk
50
Label this image of the mesial view of the mandibular 1st premolar:
A: buccal contact
B: lingual contact
C: mesiolingual developmental groove
51
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The lingual cusp tip is on a line with the:
Lingual border of the root
52
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The distance from CEJ to lingual cusp tip is ____ distance from CEJ to buccal cusp tip
2/3
53
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
Distance from ____ to _____ cusp tip is 2/3 distance from ____ to ____ cusp tip
CEJ to lingual cusp tip
CEJ to buccal cusp tip
54
The height of A is _____ the height of B.
2/3
55
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
______ slopes cervically from buccal to lingual
Mesial marginal ridge
56
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The mesial marginal ridge slopes _____ from ____ to _____.
Cervically; buccal to lingual
57
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
_____ separates mesiobuccal lobe from the lingual lobe
Mesiolingual developmental groove
58
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the _____ from the ____
Mesiobuccal lobe from the lingual lobe
59
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
From this view, the cervical line curves _____ about 1mm
Occlusally
60
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The mesial surface is ____ except for the _____.
Smoothly convex; mesiolingual developmental groove
61
What view is this?
Label the anatomy from this view:
Mesial view
A: mesiolingual developmental groove
B: occlusal surface
C: mesial marginal ridge
D: CEJ
62
First mandibular premolar: mesial view
The root outline is tapered to a ____ from this view:
Pointed apex
63
On the mesial side of the mandibular 1st premolar: what is present on the root?
Deep developmental depression-groove on mesial surface
64
On the mandibular first premolar: Interesting fact: The _____ marginal ridge is higher above the _____ than the ____ marginal ridge
Distal ; CEJ; Mesial
65
On the mandibular 1st premolar: The distal marginal ridge is higher above the CEJ than teh mesial marginal ridge. This is significant because:
Only tooth in which the mesial marginal ride is at a lower level than the distal marginal ridge
66
Describe the differences between the mesial and distal marginal ridges of the mandibular first premolar:
Mesial marginal ridge is @ a lower level than the distal marginal ridge
67
Label the view and anatomical features of the mandibular 1st premolar:
Left: mesial view
Right: distal view
A: mesial marginal ridge
B: mesiolingual developmental groove
C: CEJ
D: distal marginal ridge
E: CEJ
68
First mandibular premolar: distal view
The ____ is almost at right angles to the long axis of the tooth
Distal marginal ridge
69
First mandibular premolar: distal view
The distal marginal ridge is located where relative to the long axis of the tooth?
Almost at a right angle
70
First mandibular premolar: distal view
From a distal view the tooth appears:
Smoothly convex
71
First mandibular premolar: distal view
What may be present above the cervix extending buccolingually?
A concavity
72
First mandibular premolar: distal view
A concavity may be present ____ and extending ____.
Above the cervix and extends buccolingually
73
First mandibular premolar: distal view
Compared to the mesial contact area, the distal contac area is:
Broader
74
First mandibular premolar: distal view
The distal height of contour is in the:
Middle 1/3
75
First mandibular premolar: distal view
Compared to the mesial cervical curvature, the distal cervical is:
Less
76
First mandibular premolar: distal view
From this view, the root is more ____ than the mesial and less ____.
Convex; grooved
77
First mandibular premolar: distal view
From view we can see ____ but no _____
A shallow developmental depression but no deep groove
78
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The occlusal view is geometrically _____ in outline.
Diamond
79
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
What two features are pronounced?
Buccal cusp and buccal ridge
80
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
From this view, describe the lingual cusp:
Small
81
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
THe mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ____ than the distobuccal cusp ridge
Shorter
82
From an occlusal view of the mandibular 1st premolar: describe the differences between the mesiobuccal cusp ridge and the distobuccal cusp ridge
Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter
83
Label the following anatomical features from the occlusal view of the mandibular first premolar:
A: mesial cusp ridge
B: buccal ridge
C: distal cusp ridge
D: small lingual cusp
84
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The crown is usually wider ____ than ____
Bucallly than lingually
85
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Mesial and distal marginal ridges are:
Well developed
86
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The mesial and distal marginal ridges converge ____ to a ____
Lingually to a small lingual cusp
87
What anatomical features can be seen from the occlusal view of the mandibular first premolar?
A: mesial marginal ridge
B: lingual cusp
C: distal marginal ridge
D: mesiobuccal cusp ridge
E: buccal ridge
F: distobuccal cusp ridge
88
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The mesial and distal marginal ridges converge:
Lingually
89
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Describe the MB and DB line angles:
Prominent yet quite rounded
90
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
What line angles are prominent yet rounded?
Mesiobuccal and distobuccal line angles
91
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Describe the mesial and distal contacts
Centered buccolingually
92
The red lines on this image of a mandibular 1st premolar are depicting:
Mesiobuccal and distobuccal line angles
93
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The buccal and lingual triangular ridges are joined together to form a single ridge called:
Transverse ridge
94
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
What ridges join together to form the transverse ridge?
Buccal and lingual triangular ridges
95
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The transverse ridge is made of how many ridges?
2 ridges joining forming a SINGLE ridge
96
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Compare the buccal and lingual triangular ridges:
Buccal triangular ridge is larger than the lingual triangular ridge
97
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The buccal and lingual cusps may be separated by a ____ as they are in the maxillary premolars
Central groove
98
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Label the following anatomy from an occlusal view of a mandibular 1st premolar:
A: mesiobuccal line angle
B: buccal triangular ridge
C: distobuccal line angle
D: lingual triangular ridge
E: distal pit
F: mesial marginal ridge
G: mesial pit
H: distal contact
I: mesial contact
J: transverse ridge
99
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The transverse ridge separates the ____ from the ___
Mesial occlusal fossa from the distal occlusal fossa
100
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
What is responsible for separating the mesial occlusal and distal occlusal fossa?
Transverse ridge
101
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Compare the mesial occlusal and the distal occlusal fossa
Distal occlusal fossa is larger
102
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp:
The mesiolingual developmental groove
103
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the:
Mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp
104
First mandibular premolar: occlusal view
Label the anatomical features designated:
A: triangular (occlusal) fossa
B: mesiolingual developmental groove
C: Pit
105
First mandibular premolar: root
How many roots present?
One
106
First mandibular premolar: root
Describe the shape of the root
Rounded
107
First mandibular premolar: root
What direction does the root curve?
distally
108
First mandibular premolar: root
What occurs on the mesial and distal surfaces of the root?
Developmental grooves
109
First mandibular premolar: root
In what direction are the grooves of the root?
Longitudinally
110
First mandibular premolar: root
Compare the mesial and distal developmental grooves on the root:
Mesial is more prominent
111
First mandibular premolar: root
How often is the root bifurcated?
Rarely
112
Label the sections of the root of the mandibular first premolar:
Left to right:
MD section
FL section
Transverse section
113
Describe the shape you would see in a transverse section of the root of mandibular 1st premolar:
Round/ovoid
114
List views of the mandibular 1st premolar:
Top left: buccal
Top right: lingual
Bottom left: mesial
Bottom right: distal
Middle: occlusal
115
How many types of mandibular 2nd premolars are there:
2 types
116
What are the two forms of mandibular second premolars?
3 cusp type; 2 cusp type
117
The 3 cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar develops from ____ lobes
5
118
The 2 cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar develops from ____ lobes
4 lobes
119
The two versions of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ primarily in ____ form.
Occlusal
120
Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view
From this view, the tooth resembles:
Mandibular 1st premolar
121
2nd mandibular premolar: buccal view
From this view the tooth resembles the mandibular 1st premolar, however the buccal cusp is:
Shorter and less pointed
122
Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view
Label the teeth in the image:
Left: mandibular 2nd premolar
Right: mandibular 1st premolar
123
Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view
The mesial and distal contact areas can be described as:
Broad
124
Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view
The mesial and distal contact areas appear higher on the crown due to:
Smaller buccal cusp
125
Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view
What makes the buccal cusp “smaller” when compared to the mandibular 1st premolar:
Smaller middle third
126
Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view
Compared to the mandibular 1st premolar, the root of the mandibular 2nd premolar is _____ MD and the root apex is _____.
Broader mesiodistally; more blunt
127
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
How does the lingual view of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ from that of the mandibular 1st premolar? (4)
1. Lingual lobes are better developed
2. Less occlusal surface is visible
3. For the three cusp type: lingual groove
4. Root wide MD
128
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
The lingual lobes are ______ compared to the mandibular first premolar
Better developed
129
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
Describe the view of the occlusal surface compared to the mandibular 1st premolar:
Less occlusal surface is visible
130
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
With the three cusp type: the two _____ cusps are separated by a _____.
Lingual cusps; lingual groove
131
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
When is a lingual groove present?
When its the 3 cusp type
132
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
The lingual groove of the 3 cusp type separates what?
Mesiolingual and distolingual cusps
133
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
The root is wide _____ but not as wide from the ____ aspect in comparison to the mandibular 1st premolar
mesiodistally; buccal aspect
134
Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view
Label the anatomy of the mandibular 2nd premolar from the lingual view. What type of mandibular 2nd premolar is this?
3 cusp type
A: mesiolingual cusp
B: lingual groove
C: distolingual cusp
135
Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The crown and root are ____.
Wider buccolingually
136
Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The buccal cusp tip is:
Not as lingually placed
137
Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The buccal cusp is ____.
Shorter
138
Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The lingual and buccal cusps are:
More equal in size
139
From the mesial view, label the tooth type in each image:
Left: mandibular 2nd premolar
Right: mandibular 1st premolar
140
Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
Mesial marginal ridge is at ____ to the long axis of the tooth
Right angles
141
Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
No _____ is present from the mesial view
Mesiolingual developmental groove
142
Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The root is _____ and the apex is _____.
Longer and the apex is more blunt
143
Mandibular 2nd premolar: distal view:
Similar to the mesial view but the ______ is at a lower level, thus more of the _____ is visible from this view.
Distal marginal ridge; occlusal surface
144
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
The 3 cusp type is ____ in shape:
Square
145
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 3 cusp type, what cusps are present?
2 lingual and 1 buccal
146
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 3 cusp type, what are the specific names of the cusps:
Buccal, mesiolingual, and distolingual
147
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
What is the largest cusp from this view? What is in the middle? What is the smallest?
Bucca> mesiolingual > distolingual
148
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
label the cusps of the mandibular 2nd premolar from this view:
1: buccal cusp
2. Mesiolingual cusp
3. Distolingual cusp
149
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 3 cusp type, developmental grooves separate the cusps forming a _____ shape on the ____ surface.
Y-shape
Occlusal surface
150
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 3 cusp type, what developmental grooves separate the cusps and what shape do these grooves make?
Y shape; mesial, distal, and lingual developmental grooves
151
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 3 cusp type, what anatomical feature is present in the middle portion of the occlusal surface?
Central pit
152
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 3 cusp type, what fossa are present?
Mesial triangular fossa and distal triangular fossa
153
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
3 cusp type: label the anatomy present
A: mesial developmental groove
B: mesial triangular fossa
C: lingual developmental groove
D: central pit
E: distal develipmental groove
F: distal triangular fossa
154
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
2 cusp type: What shapes do the developmental grooves make up?
H or U
155
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 2 cusp type, the outline is said to be:
Rounded
156
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 2 cusp type: We see a _____ of the mesial and distal marginal ridges
Lingual convergence
157
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 2 cusp type: label which is type each tooth is representing
Left: H-type
Right: U-type
158
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
If we noted that the mandibular premolar has a Y made of developmental grooves, how many cusps are present? If it makes an H how many cusps are present? If it makes a U how many cusps are present?
3; 2;2
159
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
2 cusp type: describe the lingual cusp
Well developed
160
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
2 cusp type: there is a ____ developmental groove and ___ & ____ fossae
Central developmental groove; mesial and distal fossae
161
Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view
In the 2 cusp type, what may or may not be present?
Mesial and distal pits
