Maxillary Premolars Flashcards by Abagayle Moody

Notation for maxillary right 1st premolar:

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Notation maxillary right 2nd premolar:

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Notation for maxillary left 1st premolar:

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Notation for maxillary left 2nd premolar:

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Label the maxillary premolars

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The maxillary premolars are considered to be what type of teeth?

Posterior

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How many maxillary premolars are present in the maxillary arch?

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What surface do posterior teeth have that anterior teeth do not?

Occlusal surface

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The maxillary premolars are made of how many cusps?

2 cusps

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What are the two cusps of the maxillary premolars?

Lingual cusp & buccal cusp

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What cusp of the maxillary premolars is considered the functional cusp?

Lingual cusp

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What cusp on the maxillary premolars is considered the non-functional cusp?

Buccal

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We should not refer to the maxillary premolars as:

Biscuspids

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Maxillary premolars are succedaneous teeth and replace the:

Deciduous molars

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Label the cusps:

Blue: buccal (wider)
Green: lingual (narrower)

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How many lobes do the maxillary premolars develop from?

4 lobes

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Categorize the 4 lobes that the maxillary premolars develop from:

3 buccal lobes
1 lingual lobe

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What are the names of the 3 buccal lobes of the maxillary premolars?

Mesiobuccal (MB)
Middle buccal (B)
Distobucal (DB)

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What does the one lingual lobe of the maxillary premolar develop into?

Lingual cusp

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A demarcation between the buccal and lingual lobes of the maxillary premolar:

Central developmental groove

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What is the red line displaying?

Central developmental groove

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Label the following views of the maxillary 1st premolar:

Buccal
Mesial
Distal
Lingual
Occlusal

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First premolar: Buccal view

Resembles what tooth?

Canine

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First premolar: Buccal view

The outline is:

Roughly trapezoidal

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First premolar: Buccal view The buccal cusp is comprised of what cusp arms?

Mesial cusp arm and distal cusp arm

First premolar: Buccal view On the buccal cusp, which cusp arm is longer and straighter? Which cusp arm is shorter and more curved?

Mesial Distal

First premolar: Buccal view Describe the mesial cusp arm of the buccal cusp

Mesial cusp arm= longer & straighter than distal cusp arm

First premolar: Buccal view Describe the distal cusp arm:

Distal cusp arm is shorter and more curved than the mesial cusp arm

First premolar: Buccal view Buccal height of contour is in the:

Cervical 1/3 of crown

First premolar: Buccal view Mesial contact is in the:

Middle 1/3

First premolar: Buccal view What lays just below the mesial contact?

Mesial concavity

First premolar: Buccal view A mesial concavity is located:

Just below the mesial contact

First premolar: Buccal view The distal contact is located:

Middle 1/3

First premolar: Buccal view Describe the differences between the mesial and distal contacts:

Both located in middle 1/3 but distal contact is broader and more cervical

First premolar: Buccal view The distal aspect is generally more:

Convex

First premolar: Buccal view The middle lobe has a ______ and associated ______

Prominent buccal ridge and associated developmental depressions

First premolar: Buccal view What lobes are less developed?

Mesial and distal lobes

First premolar: Buccal view The less developed mesial and distal lobes results in:

Mesial and distal line angles

First premolar: Lingual view The crown tapers:

Lingually

First premolar: Lingual View The lingual part is more _____ than the buccal

Narrow

First premolar: Lingual View The lingual aspect of the crown can be described as:

Smoothly convex

First premolar: Lingual View The lingual cusp is ____ and more ____ than the buccal cusp

1mm shorter and more pointed

First premolar: Lingual View What is visible from this view?

Buccal cusp

What view does the following image show?

Lingual view

Label mesial and distal sides from this lingual view:

Left: mesial Right: distal

First premolar: Lingual View The lingual cusp is located:

Mesially

First premolar: Lingual View Because the lingual cusp is located mesially, this means that which cusp arm is shorter?

Mesial cusp arm

First premolar: Lingual View The mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is ____ than the distolingual cusp arm (DL)

Shorter

From lingual view of the maxillary first premolar - the mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is shorter than the distolingual cusp arm. Why is this important?

Because this is opposite of the buccal cusp

Which is the lingual view and which is the buccal view on the maxillary 1st premolar?

A: Buccal B: Lingual

Describe the cusp arm lengths in the lingual and buccal views of the maxillary first premolar:

Lingual view, the mesiolingual cusp arm is SHORTER than the distolingual cusp arm Buccal view, the mesiolingual cusp arm is LONGER than the distolingual cusp arm

The first premolar: mesial view What shape is the outline?

Trapezoidal

The first premolar: mesial view How many cusps are visible from the mesial view?

2 visible cusps

The first premolar: mesial view What to cusps are visible from the mesial view?

buccal and lingual

The first premolar: mesial view Which cusp is taller (buccal or lingual)?

Buccal cusp

The first premolar: mesial view The buccal height of contour is:

In cervical 1/3

The first premolar: mesial view The lingual height of contour is:

In middle 1/3

The first premolar: mesial view From a mesial view, the what depression can be seen?

Mesial developmental depression/concavity

The first premolar: mesial view Why is it of significance that the the mesial developmental depression can be viewed from the mesial aspect?

Maxillary 2nd premolars do not have this!!!

What view are we seeing this first maxillary premolar from?

Mesial view

What is a defining trait of a maxillary first premolar?

Mesial developmental depression

The first premolar: mesial view Describe the location of the mesial contact area:

Middle 1/3 and offset buccally

Name the orange and red anatomical features on the maxillary 1st premolar:

Orange: mesial contact Red: mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

A- facial B- lingual

The first premolar: mesial view 50-60 % have _____ roots; while ~50% have ____ roots.

2; 1

The first premolar: mesial view Describe the root trunk:

Long root trunk (1/2-2/3 length of root)

The first maxillary premolar: mesial view The root trunk extends from ____ to where ____ occurs.

CEJ; furcation

The first maxillary premolar: mesial view The bifurcated portion of the root is typically about ____ of its length

1/3

The first maxillary premolar: distal view List the differences of the distal view compared to the mesial view:

Absence of : 1. Mesial concavity 2. Mesial developmental depression 3. Marginal ridge developmental groove

The first maxillary premolar: distal view when compared to the mesial aspect, the distal curvature of the cervical line is:

Less

The first maxillary premolar: distal view The distal contact area is in the:

Middle 1/3

The first maxillary premolar: distal view Describe the distal contact area:

In middle 1/3, offset bucally, broader contact, and located more cervical (when compared to mesial)

What view does the following image of the maxillary first premolar represent:

Distal view

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view What shape does the occlusal outline take on:

Hexagonal

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view ____ dimension is greater than the ____ dimension

BL; MD

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view The crown is wider on the _____ than on the ____

Buccal than on the lingual

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view What cusps can be seen from this view?

Buccal and lingual cusp

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view From this view we can see that each cusp is composed of:

4 ridges

Label each side of this occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:

Top: Facial Bottom: lingual Right: mesial Left: distal

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar, what side is longer, the mesial or distal?

Mesial

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar, what aspect is longer? FL or MD?

Label the following anatomy that can be seen from the occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:

A- Buccal Ridge B- Mesial cusp arm C- Cusp Tip D- Lingual triangular ridge E- Buccal triangular ridge F- Distal cusp arm

Label facial, lingual, distal and mesial from the occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:

A- Facial B- Mesial C- Lingual D- Distal

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: The mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge

Longer

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: The _____ cusp ridge is longer than the ____ cusp ridge

Mesiobuccal; distobuccal

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: Compare the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridge:

Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is longer

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: The mesiolingual cusp ridge is _____ than the distolingual cusp ridge

Shorter

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: The _____ cusp ridge is shorter than the ____ cusp ridge

Mesiolingual; distolingual

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: What triangular ridges are present?

Buccal and lingual

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: Compare the lingual triangular ridge to the buccal triangular ridge

Lingual triangular ridge is less prominent, and is angled and not straight

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: Prominent elevation, triangular in cross-section, which extend from the tip of a cusp towards the center portion of the occlusal surface of a tooth

Triangular ridge

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar, What surface anatomy is present from an occlusal view? (3)

1. Mesial and distal marginal ridges 2. Central developmental groove 3. Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

From this occlusal view, label the anatomy of the maxillary first premolar: (A-C)

A- distal marginal ridge B- central developmental groove C- mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

From this occlusal view, label 1-4 of the maxillary first premolar

1. Distal 2. Lingual 3. Mesial 4. Buccal

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: What supplemental grooves are present?

Mesiobuccal and distobuccal supplemental grooves

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: What pits are present?

Mesial and distal developmental pits

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: What triangular fossa are present?

Mesial and distal triangular fossa

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar: Label the anatomy of the tooth:

A: distobuccal supplemental groove B: mesiobuccal supplemental groove C: distal marginal ridge D: mesial triangular fossa E: distal triangular fossa F: distal developmental pit G: mesial developmental pit

How many roots are present on the Maxillary first premolar? (50-60% of the time)

Two separate roots

What are the roots present on the Maxillary first premolar 50-60% time?

Buccal and lingual

On the maxillary first premolar, from the buccal: the root resembles to root of the:

Canine

On the Maxillary first premolar, from a facial view, how many roots are visible?

On a Maxillary first premolar, from a lingual view, how many roots are present?

One

From a mesial view of a maxillary first premolar, how many roots are visible?

Two

From a distal view of a maxillary first premolar, how many roots are present?

What anatomical feature is obvious when looking at a cross-section of the maxillary first premolar?

Mesial developmental depression

The root of the maxillary first premolar is broad ___ and narrow ____.

BL; MD

The trunk of the root of the first maxillary premolar is:

1/2-2/3 the length of the root

Label the sides of the root of the maxillary first premolar:

Up top: lingual Bottom: buccal Left: mesial Right: distal

What view might this image of the maxillary first premolar be from?

Facial or lingual

Label what view this image of the maxillary first premolar may be from:

Mesial or distal

On the maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see:

Two pulp horns and two pulp canals

On a maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see that the ____ is larger of the two pulp horns as well as in the two pulp canals

Buccal

On a maxillary first premolar, the MD section of the root resembles:

Canine

On a maxillary first premolar, the transverse cross section displays what shape?

Kidney shape

What is being highlighted in this image of the maxillary first premolar?