Mao's China, 1949-76: agriculture and industry, 1949-65 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Agrarian Reform Law
Launched in 1950; land reform was introduced. 43% of land redistributed to 60% of population
MATs
Voluntary Mutual Aid Teams; in 1951, the CCP introduced co-operative ownership of land. By 1952 – 40% of peasant households in a MAT
APCs
Voluntary Agricultural Producers Co-operatives; set up in 1953; land shared and reorganised – but peasants didn’t want to share newly acquired land! By 1955 – only 15% in APCs
Growth of APCs
1955 - 63.3% of peasant households were part of APCs
1956 - 80.3% of peasant households were part of APCs;
This growth made Mao very confident, believing that mass participation would lead the way to socialism
The 4 Pests Campaign; aimed at ridding sparrows, rats, mosquitoes and flies who ate grain
Launched in 1958
Lysenkoism; theories that encouraged close-planting seeds and deep-ploughing of soil which yielded poor results
Launched in 1958
The 1st 5-Year Plan; aimed at industrialising China
1952-1956
The First People’s Communes formed
1958
The 2nd 5-Year plan AKA The Great Leap Forward; aimed at increasing agricultural and industrial production
1958-1962
The Great Famine
1958-1962; 30-50 million people died
The Lushan Conference
July 1959
Liu Shaoqi as the new Head of State gave a speech to 7k Party Cadres
January 1962
What were the reforms of Liu and Deng?
1) Liu and Deng allowed peasants to own individual plots of land.
2) The reforms meant that rural markets began to re-open. By the end of 1962 about 1/2 of land returned to individual families. increased food produce.
3) controlled population increase - young people were required to postpone marriage and the use of contraceptives was encouraged by the state.
