Mao's China, 1949-76: cultural revolution and aftermath, 1966-76 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Mao drafted the ‘Early Ten Points’ that proposed that the masses should be mobilised to criticise corrupt Party cadres. When was it proposed?
February 1963
Cultural Revolution Group (CRG): When was it formed, and what is it?
March 1966; it was a 17-member sub-commitee of the Politburo
Members of the CRG. Who are they?
- Chen Boda: Mao’s propaganda chief
- Yao Wenyuan: the writer of the article attacking Wu Han and his play Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
- Zhang Chunqiao: Party Secretary of Shanghai
- Jiang Qing: Mao’s 4th wife and the most influential of the group AKA ‘cultural tsar’ and member of the Central Case Examination Group
Cultural Revolution; political policy by Mao Zedong to eliminate his rivals and train a new generation in the revolutionary spirit for permanent revolution. How long was it?
1966-1976
Mao swam in the dangerous Yangtze River; propaganda claims he swam nearly 9 miles in 65 minutes. When did this happen, and how publicised?
July 1966; widely publicised
Five Red Types. What are they?
Workers, poor and lower middle-class peasants, revolutionary cadres, revolutionary soldiers and dependents of revolutionary martyrs
Five Black Elements. What are they?
Landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements, rightists
Little Red Book; Lin Biao (Head of PLA) commissioned the publication of a collection of Mao’s famous statements. When was it commissioned?
1964
Mao heightened the revolutionary atmosphere by urging the people to ‘Bombard the Headquarters’. When?
5th August 1966
Four Olds Campaign. When was it launched and what did it want to destroy?
Launched in August 1966; the intention was to destroy:
- old customs
- old habits
- old culture
- old ideas
Red Terror; violence of the Red Guards spiralled out of control, it consisted of denunciations in struggle meetings, mass jailings, beatings, kidnappings, killings and some committed suicide. When did this happen?
In autumn and winter of 1966
Revolutionary Committees; these merged the role of the Party, state and army but the Party remained dominant. When was it created?
Created by September 1957
Mao ordered the PLA to systematically crush the Red Guards and to violently re-establish the role of the central party. When was this ordered?
1968
The violent phase of the Cultural Revolution ended witht the Ninth Party Congress and Lin Biao as Mao’s successor. When?
April 1969
The Sixteen Points. What is it and when?
Issued in August 1966 by the Central Committee, in an effort to define the Revolution’s goals. The document supported Mao’s economic policies and the formation of the Red Guards as Mao’s primary weapon against targets Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping who abandoned Mao’s utopian ideals.
‘Up to the Mountains and Down to the Villages’ campaign; according to Party propaganda it was a privilege to learn from the peasants by serving the people through manual labour. How many Red Guards were sent?
18 mil Red Guards were sent to remote areas in the countryside
The Four Modernisations; called for advancements in agriculture, industry, science technology and defence. When was it originally proposed? By who?
Originally proposed by Zhou Enlai in 1975
The Gang of Four. Who are they?
Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan, Zhang Chunqiao, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, who attempted to seize control of Communist government in China from the pragmatists; arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1976 following Mao Zedong’s death. JQ hanged herself in 1991.
‘Criticise Lin, Criticise Confucius’ campaign. When?
1973
Zhou Enlai’s death. When?
8th January 1976
Mao Zedong’s death. When?
1976
