Mar 19 Physiological vs Chronological Aging Flashcards
(18 cards)
Canada’s Aging Population
- In 2013
- In 2063 (predicted)
Canada’s Aging Population
- In 2013
– 5.4 million Canadians 65+ years of age = “older adult”
– 15.3% of Canada’s population - In 2063 (predicted)
– 11-15 million Canadians 65+ years of age
– 23.8-27.8% of Canada’s population
What is Aging?
- Aging:
- Chronological:
- Physiological:
What is Aging?
- Aging: the process of becoming older.
- Chronological: calendar age (#
days a person has been alive). We all age at the same rate…. - Physiological: how old the body appears or functions, based on physical and physiological attributes.
Rate of Aging:
affected by: (Name 3)
Rate of Aging:
– Heterogeneous process; everyone ages at a different rate; affected by genetics, lifestyle and environment
Characteristics of Physiological Aging
(Name 9)
Characteristics of Physiological Aging
- Body grows (height and weight) then shrinks
- Teeth fall out (2x)
- Hair grows then falls out turns grey and thins
- Puberty and fertility changes
- Sight and hearing changes
- Bones become stronger then weaker
- Skin changes (wrinkles)
- Brain gets bigger then smaller
- Increased risk of disease (e.g., CV system, musculoskeletal system)
Dental Age:
– Primary teeth (___) vs. Permanent teeth (___)
– First full set around ___yrs, fall out from ___-___yrs
– Can Decay and wear patterns can determine age
Dental Age
- Type and # of teeth can be predictive of age.
– Primary teeth (20) vs. Permanent teeth (32)
– First full set around 3yrs, fall out from 6-12yrs
– Decay and wear patterns
Yes
Skeletal Age – Bone Development:
Skeletal Age – Bone Development
- Long bones grow at growth plates at the end of bones and stop when they fuse (ossify).
Dental Age:
- Fluoridation of the water (1945 began in Canada):
Dental Age
- Look at the mineralization and
demineralization in teeth
Fluoridation of the water (1945 began in Canada).
* Fluoride treatment made it less useful for predicting age in older people.
A Fetal Skeleton at 13-18 Weeks
(2 things)
Development: (3 things)
A Fetal Skeleton at 13-18 Weeks
* Dark areas denote some ossified portions and spaces between are cartilage.
* Ossification (bone development)
Development:
* Mesoderm cell -> cartilage -> bone
Age and Development
(3 things)
Age and Development
- January babies more likely to be successful in sports and academics
- December babies are more likely to be labelled as ‘problem children’
– CMAJ article, December babies, 40% more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD and have issues with learning vs. January babies.
Physiological Age: Puberty in girls:
(2 things)
Onset of menses: menarche
- Girls 1st menstruation, usually occurs at around 12 years of age but can occur anywhere between ages 8 and 16.
- Estrogen and progesterone
Physiological Age: Puberty in boys:
Changes: (2 things)
Sexual Development:
(2 things)
Physiological Age: Puberty
Puberty is ~2 years later in boys
Changes:
* facial hair and voice changes
* growth spurts and lean mass gains (testosterone)
Sexual Development:
* Secondary sex characteristics
* Tanner Staging I-V (Sexual Maturity Rating Scale). Takes account of Pubic hair (both male and female) Genitals (male) and Breasts (female)
Tanner Staging/Scale
Stages 1-5
Tanner Staging/Scale
1 = Pre pubescents
2-3= Peri pubescents
4-5 = Post pubescents
Physiological Age - Skin
- Age 30 =
- Age 40 =
- Age 50 =
- Age 60 =
- Age 70+
Physiological Age - Skin
- Age 30 = forehead furrows
- Age 40 = “Crows’ feet” near eyes. “Laugh lines” between nose and corners of mouth.
- Age 50 = Permanent lines around eyes and mouth. Skin on cheeks starts to loosen.
- Age 60 = “sunspots” appear on hands/face: coagulated pigment
- Age 70+ = Facial skin becomes thin, dry and loose (lacks elasticity, loss of facial fat)
Hair diameter decreases
Age 20 – ___ microns
Age 30 – ___ microns
Age 40 – ___ microns
Age 50 – ___ microns
Age 60 – ___ microns
Age 70 – ___ microns
Racial differences?
Hair diameter decreases
Age 20 – 101 microns
Age 30 – 98 microns
Age 40 – 96 microns
Age 50 – 94 microns
Age 60 – 86 microns
Age 70 – 80 microns
Racial differences yes
Functional decreases =
FRAILTY: “
Functional decreases -> decreases in quality of life
FRAILTY: “A complex clinical syndrome of increased vulnerability to stressors, caused by multiple impairments across different body systems. Frailty helps explain the difference between physiological and chronological age.”
@ 60 years /@ 80 years
Basal Metabolic Rate:
Brain Weight:
Cardiac Output:
Respiratory Capacity:
@ 60 years /@ 80 years
Basal Metabolic Rate: lower15%
Brain Weight: lower 5%/lower 20%
Cardiac Output: lower 20%/lower 30%
Respiratory Capacity: lower 20% lower 45%
Uses for Age Classifications
Name 3
Uses for Age Classifications
Groups for athletic competition, school grades
Frequency of medical check-ups
Financial incentives (phys age for chrono age)
PhysiAge: (3 things)
- A 2023 study found a way to measure how your body is aging using blood (plasma) markers—this is called your PhysiAge.
- If your PhysiAge is lower than your actual age, that’s a good sign your lifestyle supports long-term health.
- If your PhysiAge is higher, it may mean your body is aging faster, and some lifestyle changes could help.
