Mary Flashcards
(27 cards)
Why did Northumberland’s Devise for the Succession fail?
It was illegal seen as a self-serving attempt to maintain power by promoting his daughter-in-law
What were the key reasons Mary gained support in 1553?
She upheld the legitimate Tudor succession acted quickly
What were the main problems Mary I faced upon accession?
Religious division, lack of political experience
Who were Mary I’s main councillors?
Stephen Gardiner, Lord Paget
Why did Mary distrust her English councillors?
Paget opposed her religious reforms and Gardiner had not supported her mother during the Break with Rome.
How did Parliament challenge Mary’s authority?
It opposed parts of her religious policy rejected the inclusion of Philip in a treason bill
Why did Mary choose to marry Philip of Spain?
She needed an heir to secure Catholic succession and Philip
Why was Edward Courtenay rejected as a husband for Mary?
He lacked political skill and courtly abilities and posed a risk of English factionalism.
How did Mary try to limit Philip’s influence in the marriage treaty?
He would be titled king but hold no power no foreigners in office
Why was there opposition to Mary’s marriage to Philip?
Fears of increased Spanish influence, Catholic repression
What led to England entering war with France under Mary?
Pressure from Philip after becoming King of Spain and an attack on Scarborough by French-backed Thomas Stafford.
What was the outcome of England’s involvement in the Franco-Spanish war?
Initial success at Saint-Quentin but loss of Calais in 1558
Why was the loss of Calais significant?
It symbolised the end of England’s medieval continental ambitions and was seen as a humiliation tied to Mary’s Spanish marriage.
How did Mary try to change the succession?
She sought to exclude Elizabeth due to her Protestant beliefs and illegitimacy but lacked legal or political power to do so.
What happened to Elizabeth during Wyatt’s Rebellion?
She was imprisoned in the Tower later placed under house arrest
Why did Mary ultimately accept Elizabeth as her successor?
She was childless and unable to alter the 1544 Succession Act; Philip also preferred Elizabeth as the least threatening option.
What were Mary’s two main foreign policy aims?
Restore papal supremacy and marry Philip of Spain.
How did papal politics complicate Mary’s foreign policy?
Pope Paul IV was anti-Spanish forcing Mary into the awkward position of being at war with both France and the Papacy.
What was Mary’s key religious goal?
Restore traditional Catholicism and reverse Protestant reforms.
What did the First Act of Repeal (1553) do?
Reversed Edwardian religious legislation returning the Church to the state it was under Henry VIII.
What did the Second Act of Repeal (1555) achieve?
Repealed all religious laws since 1529 reasserted papal authority
Why didn’t Mary try to restore monastic lands?
The issue was too complex and politically dangerous due to vested property interests.
What educational reforms did Mary introduce to promote Catholicism?
Training schools for priests new standards for clergy
Why did Mary launch a campaign of religious persecution?
To eliminate Protestant heresy and strengthen Catholicism through fear and enforcement.
