Master Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Exhibition
A
Division of the film industry concentrating on the public screening of film.
Example: Nickelodeons
2
Q
Distribution
A
Concentrating on the marketing of film, connecting the producer with the exhibitor by leasing films from the producer and renting them to the exhibitor.
3
Q
Production
A
Concentrating on the making of the film.
4
Q
Kinetograph
A
Film Studio, Edison’s first movie camera
5
Q
CameraMan system
A
Films largely the creation of the cameraman, who did everything
6
Q
Patent Pool
A
Association of companies that operated collectively in the marketplace by pooling patents held by each individual company
7
Q
MPPC
A
Motion Picture Patents Company: patent pool
8
Q
Vertical Integration
A
Oversees a product from planning through production through to the end user. Company controls production, marketing, and exhibition of films MPPC
9
Q
Trust
A
Group of companies operating together to control the market for a commodity (MPPC)
10
Q
Oligopoly
A
State of limited competition exists between a small group of competitors
Example: The Big Five competing with each other
11
Q
First-Run
A
Movie theaters that would show films immediately upon their release. (Big five owned most)
12
Q
Big Five
A
Warner Bros, Loews -MGM, Fox, Paramount, RKO
13
Q
NRA
A
Designed to rescue the american economy from the great depression, made unions
14
Q
Consent Decrees
A
Court made order made with the consent of both parties
15
Q
Exclusive Run
A
Only screened in one cinema
16
Q
Multiple Run
A
Simultaneous runs at a number of cinemas, but not as many as a saturation run, word of mouth typically
17
Q
Saturation Run
A
Film opens ‘wide’’ and is shown simultaneously at a large number of cinemas
18
Q
DVD
A
Digital Versatile Discs
19
Q
Free Publicity
A
Free coverage of subjects the media feel are newsworthy
20
Q
Paid Advertising
A
Promotion on TV, radios, etc
21
Q
Tie-ins
A
Promotional liaisons between films and other consumer products
22
Q
Merchandising
A
Manufacturers pay a film company to use a film title
23
Q
Independent
A
Promotion realized outside on of the majors. (Indie films)
24
Q
Horizontal Integration
A
Parent company acquires several businesses with the same profile.
(all of one vs one of all)
25
Lateral Integration
Parent company acquires a vast empire of different properties
(one of all vs all of one)
26
Synergy Strategy
Combined or related action by a group of individuals or corporations towards a common goal
27
Midas Formula films
12-24 yr olds. Is a result of audience profiling. They are based on children's stories that have a young protagonist, have a fairy-tale plot and are at most PG13
28
Spectatorship
Concerned with the way an individual is positioned between screen
Audience ceases to exist for the individual spectator
Studies try to generalize how all spectators behave
29
Ideological Effect
Political significance that manipulates the spectator into specific ways of thinking about the world
Example: Mr. Fantastic fox and heteronomativity and marriage beliefs
30
Audience
Concerned with before and after the film
Audience is constructed by mass media institutions
Concerned with large group, but individualizes specific factors that explain why audience may behave
31
Community of Interest
Group of people who share a common interest, but may not live in a close physical proximity to one another
32
Interior Self
Countless memories and desires that can be rarely acknowledged and understand from individual to individual
33
Social Self
Make meanings in ways not different from others
34
Cultural self
Inter-textual references based on bank of personal memories
35
Private self
Own experiences that have personal significance
36
Desiring self
conscious and unconscious energies and intensities to the film event
37
Early cinema
1895-1915
38
mise en scene
Arrangement of props and background in film.
39
Parallel editing
Two events can be followed simultaneously
40
The look
Central concept in relation to the control of the spectator, has been associated with theories of desire and pleasure theories in phychoanalysis ("The male gaze")
41
Interpellation
Distinctive way the film spectator is placed inside the fiction world of the film. Hailed or called into a place we have no control over.
42
Hegemony
Captures the idea that a set of ideas, attitudes, practices, become so dominant that we forge they are rooted in the exercise of power.
The idealogical rendered invisible.
43
Institutional mode of Representation IMR
Normative set of ideals about what constitutes a mainstream film.
44
Structuralism
Model of spectatorship that states: From linguistics came the idea that language did our thinking for us.
Films convey meaning through the use of codes and conventions not dissimilar to the way languages are used to construct meaning in communication.
45
Cognitivism
The brain works with the stimulus it is bombarded with by a film in order to make sense and gain emotional experience.
46
Example of cognitivism: Schemas
A familiar pattern recognized by the mind that allows us to orient ourselves and make sense of what is in front of us.
47
Autuerism/Auteur
French term that refers to a director or someone important who infuses their films with their distinctive personal vision through manipulation of film techniques.
Think QT and his obscenity, Tim Burton and hes gothic, etc.
48
Metteurs en scene
Technically competent who only made movies without personality
Basically auteurs without the signature
49
Mise en scene
Both what is filmed and how it is filmed
| Double indemnity: Low lighting, oppressive music
50
Three paradoxes of authorship
Collaboration: Get me my agency
Theoretical: Immortal monster
Cultural: Authors everywhere
51
Auteurism as a method
The principal method by which this was achieved was the establishment of the
hierarchical distinction between those directors dubbed mere ‘metteurs-en-scène’and genuine auteurs
52
Intentional Fallacy
The fallacy of basing an assessment of a work on the author's intention rather than on one's response to the actual work.
Basically disecting film on the authors thoughts instead of your own.
53
Studio System
Period of Hollywood history where major studios controlled all aspects of production, distribution, and exhibition.
(Basically vertical integration)
54
Intertextuality
The ways in which a film either explicitly or implicitly refers to other films (think Easter eggs)
QT's PF when the mob wife asks John Trev to dance
55
Star as commodity
Star approach with economic context
| Famous star in movie = guarantee movie sales
56
Star as text
Star as a sign, an image constructed through a network of intertextuality (what is this?)
Stars are not reducible to flesh and blood actors, but rather the complex of personas made up from other films they appear in
57
Star as object of desire
Unquantifiable returns on our emotional investments that are erotic contemplations
Getting a sense of fullfilment
58
Female Star
Typically the sexualized spectacle that disrupts narrative momentum, for erotic exhibition.
QT's mob wife when first introduced
59
Synthespians
Virtual/non-human actors. (mr. fantastic fox)
60
Star as celebrity
Sustained not by talent or ability in profession, but sustained through meda gossip etc.
Easy remember: Stars are famous for the work they represent, not for who they are outside of those works.
61
Star as professional
Stars are rooted squarely in the film text itself.
62
Star as performer
Focusing attention on the job and art of acting only.
63
Postmodern
artistic or aesthetic style which privileges surface appearances over deep meaning or truth.
Emphasis on face value rather than deeper meaning
64
Pastiche
Imitation of art work
65
Eclecticism
Style that draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.
66
Self reflexivity
Describes films to texts which self consciously acknowledge or reflect upon their own status as fictional artifacts and or the processes involved in their creation.
This daffy duck when he deals with the "artist"
67
Taxonomy
Practice of classification, classifying films based on similarities of form and or content
68
Theoretical Taxonomies
Same way as aristotle's model of poetry (epic, comedy, tradegy), film genres are narritive, experimental, docucmentary.
69
Avant-garde
experimental films, very thinking outside of the box filmology
70
Iconograhpy
visual patterns of setting, dress, props and style have been used to classify and analyse films generically
Example: Stage Fright: Presence of femme fatale
Double Indemnity: Dark lighting
71
Femme Fatale
Female that ultimately brings disaster to the male main protagonist
72
Sophisticated hyper consciousness
the extreme knowingness and high degree of media literacy by both cinema and its audience
73
Genre a cognition
Genres are not simply bodies of work, however classified, labelled and designed. Are different based on each individuals viewing of the film and the personal experiences they bring into the viewing.
74
Palimpsest
A film or text with multiple levels of meaning created through dense layers of intertextuality
75
extra-textuality
the range of cultural sets which relate in some way to film, text but in a narrower sense, refers to the non-filmic inter-texts which in varying degrees relate to the film/text.
76
Actuality
Films that often consist of people going about their everyday lives.
77
Direct Cinema
Documentary type that emerged in 1950's. Often have a 'fly on the wall' aesthetic, where filmmakers were only observers of the reality they were filming.
78
Cinema Verite
Cinema truth, has a foundation of interaction between filmmaker and filmed, rather than detachment.
79
Reality TV
Documentary basis in the sense that they use actual footage, but are often shaped to fit certain formats.
80
Rhetorical
Designed to persuade.
Typically a voiceover or presenter stating what the argued point is, or more subtly.
81
Poetic Documentary
More allusive and use associative editing to capture a mood or tone rather than make an explicit argument
82
Expository Documentary
Use of rhetorical techniques to make points and persuade
83
Participatory Documentary
Filmmaker does not remain aloof and actively engages with it by participating or interacting with the people.
84
Observational Documentary
Documentary appears to take a detached and thereby neutral stance towards subject matter
85
Reflective Documentary
Offers a commentary on the means of representation itself. Encourages the viewer to question the idea of documentary
86
Performative Documentary
Performing in front of a camera, where the filmmaker and their subjects actively create the documentary by performing certain social actions
87
Topicals
Given name to nonfictional news items in the early period.
Old news
88
Participant observation
Social science methodology where researchers immerse themselves in a social context. Researching monkeys by being one with the monkey.
89
Qualities of Animation
Symbolisation of objects and human beings
Picturing the invisible
Penetration
Selection exaggeration and transformation
Showing the past and predicting the future
Controlling time and speed
90
Proto-animation
Demonstrated certain techniques as a method in creating animation.
Stop motion, mixed media, and use of dissolves to create the illusion of metamorphasis.
Mr. Fantastic fox uses proto animation in the form of stop motion.
91
Animated Documentary
Fusion of documentary tropes and animation
92
Incoherent Cinema
Animation that was often surreal, anarchistic and playful, relating seemingly unrelated forms and events in an often irrational and spontaneous fashion
93
Character Animation
Prioritizes exaggerated and sometimes caricatured expressions of human traits in order to direct attention to the detail of gesture and range of human expression and emotion.
94
Anthropomorphism
To endow creatures, objects, and environments with human attributes, abilities, and qualities.
95
Realism
Hyper realism which located characters in plausibly real worlds in fantasy. Think Avatar
96
Deconstruction
All texts are constructed, and deconstruction is necessary to understand all components.
97
Synecdoche
The idea that part of a person may be used to represent the whole
98
Iconic
Dominant signs that signify a particular person or object
Chaplin's moustache
99
Ideological
Seen as the dominant set of ideas and values which inform any one society or culture, but which are imbued in its social behavior and representative texts at a level that is not necessarily obvious
100
Metamorphosis
Ability for a figure to relinquish its fixed properties and mutate into another model
101
Condensation
Compression of a set of narrative or aesthetic agendas within a minimal structural framework.
102
Squash and Stretch
Cartoon characters that are malleable and attached circles which can be compressed or stretched.
Used the squish and stretch to imitate movement.
103
Reduced Animation
Form of minimalism constitutes reduced animation at the premise of "less is more"
104
Feminism
Argument that media reinforces the status quo by representing a narrow range of images of women.
105
Patriarchal Society
Society in which men have the power and control, and women are generally disadvantaged and have lower status.
106
Stereotyping
A quick and easy way of labelling or categorizing the world around us and making it understandable.
Learned but by no means fixed
107
Representation
Media re-presentation that encourages others to see their output as a window on the world.
Makes use of stereotypes because they are quick and easy way of using information
108
Alternative Cinema
Provides an alternative to the codes and conventions of mainstream narrative cinema
109
Avant-Garde Cinema
Non-narrative in structurem and often intellectual in content.
Often self-conscious and frequently makes use of devices such as cuts to the camera crew, talking to the camera, and scratching the film.
110
Independent Cinema
Indie mainstream cinema: Aims to compete with the big studios
Filmmaking outside mainstream sector: Film workshops, avant garde films, feminist films, etc
111
Psychoanalitic theory
Based on patriarchal assumptions that woman is inferior to man.
Mother is seen as lacking because she got no dick
112
Scopohpilia
Sexual pleasure gained by looking
113
Structuralistm
Movement founded on the belief that that the study of society could be scientifically based and that there are structures in society that follow certain patterns or rules.
114
Semiotics
Argues that the meaning of words are not natural but learned and socially constructed, therefore the meaning of a word can be complex and layered
115
Marxist Theory
Argues that those who have the means of production have control in a capitalistic society
116
Hegemony
Set of ideas, attitudes, or practices that become so dominant that we forget they are rooted in choice.
117
Polysemic
Text with possible readings
118
Voyeurism
Sexual pleasure gained from looking at others
119
Fetishism
Linked to the castration complex and is a form of male denial of the threat and fear of castration by the female. Because the women is made less threatening, certain things like high heels, lipstick, breasts, and lips are sexualized.
120
Heterosexual
Main sexual feelings are for opposite sex
121
Gender
Social and cultural construction of a person's sex and sexuality
122
Sexuality
Gender, sex, and sexuality can overlap, but are no ways exactly synonymous.
Sexuality is the name for the sexual feelings and behavior of a person
123
Homosexual
A person whose main sexual feelings are for people of the same sex
124
Homoerotic
Conveying an enjoyable sense of same sex attraction
Same sex fun
125
Gay
Description of strong positive sexual love and attraction between members of the same sex. Also means happy, typically reffering to males, but can also be used for any person
126
Lesbian
Women whose sexual feelings are for other women
127
Queer
Describes a challanging range of critical work and cultural production among lesbian and gays, with emphasis on DIVERSITY OF RACE, NATIONALITY, and CULTURAL EXPERIENCE.
128
Butch
Behavior patterns such as aggression and sexual dominance that are typically associated with masculinity
129
Femme
Description of behaviour patterns such as gentleness, sexual passivity, and concern with dress and appearance, typically associated with femininity.
130
LGBT
Les,Gay,Bi,Transgender
131
Camp
Critical attitude that involves looking at texts less as reflections of reality and more as constructed sets of words, images, and sounds that are distant from reality. Amusement vs relatability
132
Homophobia
Irrational prejudice and hatred against a person because of their homosexuality
133
Stereotype
A set of commonly expected behavior patterns and characteristics based on role or personal features such as race, age, sexuality, in society and cultural products.
134
Performativity
Social groups develop self-awareness through shared actions that develop tastes habits, and attitudes in common.
Applied to gender, you may wish to consider the popular conflation of masculinity and football, or femininity and shopping
135
Reappropriation
Process where a previously oppressed group takes a negative term and terns it around to invest it with new meaining
136
Pink Triangle
Wore by homosexuals during nazi concentration camps
137
Diaspora
Movement of African people to other parts of the world.
Participants of diaspora are diasporans.
138
Constructed
A quality of an idea being neither natural nor inevitable, assembled or otherwise created to appear natural or inevitable
139
Racist Iconography
Images that accompany racist rhetoric or that occur in racist contexts
140
Blaxploitation
Exploitation of what they believe were black urban audiences tastes in film.
141
Race films
Black cast movies that were made for segregated african american audiences before 1950, most often by african american directors.
142
Archetypes
Embodiments of a range of ideas and identities. Ideal examples of a role, person, or certain personal traits
