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Biochemistry General Study > Match Terms from Book > Flashcards

Match Terms from Book Flashcards

1
Q
A
  • A) Leu - 6) nonpolar aliphatic
  • B) Glu - 2) Acidic
  • C) Lys - 3) Basic
  • D) Ser - 1) Hydroxyl Containing
  • E) Cys - 4) Sulfur Containing
  • F) Trp - 5) Non-polar aromatic
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2
Q
A
  • A) Replication
    • 2) DNA Polymerase
    • 4) dNTP
    • 8) Primer
  • B) Transcription
    • 1) RNA polymerase
    • 6) NTP
    • 10) Promotor
  • C) Translation
    • 3) Ribosome
    • 5) tRNA
    • 7) mRNA
    • 9) rRNA
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3
Q
A
  • A) fMet - 3) The first of many amino acids
  • B) Shine-Dalgarno - 6) Locates start site
  • C) Intron - 2) Removed during processing
  • D) Exon - 5) Joined to make final message
  • E) pre-mRNA - 7) Discontinuous message
  • F) mRNA - 1) Continuous message
  • G) Spliceosome - 4) Joins exons
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4
Q

Question 8.15

A
  • A) 1 = 0
  • B) 10-5 = +28.53
  • C) 104 = -22.84
  • D) 102 = -11.42
  • E) 10-1 = +5.69
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5
Q

10.19

A
  • A) ATCase - 7) Inhibited by CTP
  • B) T State - 8) Less active state of an allosteric enzyme
  • C) R State - 11) More active state of an allosteric enzyme
  • D) Phosphorylation - 6) Common Covalent modification
  • E) Kinase - 1) Protein phosphorylation catalyst
  • F) Phosphatase - 12) Removes phosphates
  • G) cAMP - 3) Activates a particular kinase
  • H) Zymogen - 4) Proenzyme
  • I) Enteropeptidase - 5) Activates trypsin
  • J) Vitamin K - 2) Required to modify glutamate
  • K) Thrombin - 10) Forms fibrin
  • L) Tissue Factor - 9) Initiates extrinsic pathway.
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6
Q

11.3

A
  • A) Enantiomers - 10) Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other
  • B) Cellulose - 6) The most abundant organic molecule in the biosphere.
  • C) Lectins - 8) Carbohydrate Binding proteins
  • D) Glycosyltransferases - 9) Enzymes that synthesize oligosaccharides
  • E) Epimers - 2) Monosaccharides that differ at a single asymmetric carbon atom.
  • F) Starch - 4) The storage form of glucose in plants.
  • G) Carbohydrates - 1) Has the molecular formula (CH2O)n.
  • H) Proteoglycan - 5) Glycoprotein containing glycosaminoglycans.
  • I) Mucoprotein - 7) N-Acetylgalactosamine is a key component of this glycoprotein.
  • J) Glycogen - 3) The storage form of glucose in animals.
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7
Q

15.5

A
  • 1) Cellular energy Currency - F) ATP
  • 2) Anabolic electron carrier - H) NADP+
  • 3) Phototroph - I) Converts light energy to chemical energy.
  • 4) Catabolic electron carrier - A) NAD+
  • 5) Oxidation-reduction reaction - G) Transfers electrons
  • 6) Activated carrier of two carbon fragments - B) Coenzyme A
  • 7) Vitamin - C) Precurser to coenzymes
  • 8) Anabolism - E) Requires energy
  • 9) Amphibolic reaction - J) Used in both anabolism and catabolism.
  • 10) Catabolism - D) Yields energy
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8
Q

16.2

A
  • A) Hexokinase - 4) Phosphorylates glucose
  • B) Phosphoglucose Isomerase - 3) Converts glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate.
  • C) Phosphofructokinase - 1) Forms fructose 1,6 bisphosphate__.
  • D) Aldolase - 6) Cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
  • E) Triose phosphate isomerase - 8) Catalyzes the interconversion of 3-carbon isomers.
  • F) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - 2) Generates the first high-phosphoryl-transfer-potential-compound that is not ATP.
  • G) Phosphoglycerate kinase - 10) Generates the first molecule of ATP.
  • H) Phosphoglycerate mutase - 9) Converts 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate.
  • I) Enolase - 7) Generates the second high-phosphoryl-transfer-potential-compound that is not ATP.
  • J) Pyruvate kinase - 5) Generates the second molecule of ATP.
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9
Q

16.12

A
  • A) Lactate - 6) Readily converted into pyruvate.
  • B) Pyruvate Carboxylase - 1) Generates oxaloacetate.
  • C) Acetyl CoA - 7) Required for pyruvate carboxylase activity.
  • D) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - 3) Generates a high-phosphoryl-transfer-potential compound.
  • E) Glycerol - 2) Readily converted into DHAP.
  • F) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase - 5) Gluconeogenic counterpart of PFK.
  • G) Glucose 6-phosphatase - 4) Found predominantly in liver.
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10
Q

16.19

A
  • A) Glucose 6-phosphate - 4) Inhibits hexokinase.
  • B) [ATP],[AMP] - 10) Stimulates phosphofructokinase.
  • C) Citrate - 1) Inhibits phosphofructokinase in the liver.
  • D) Low pH - 5) Inhibits phosphofructokinase in muscle.
  • E) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate - 7) stimulates pyruvate kinase.
  • F) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate - 8) Stimulates phosphofructokinase in liver.
  • G) Insulin - 9) Causes insertion of GLUT4 in cell membrane.
  • H) Has a high Km for glucose - 2) Glucokinase
  • I) Transporter specific to liver and pancreas - 3) GLUT2
  • J) [ATP] > [AMP] - 6) Inhibits phosphofructokinase
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11
Q

16.30

A
  • A) Glycolysis
    • 2) Increase in AMP
    • 3) Increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
    • 6) Increase in insulin
    • 9) Fed
  • B) Gluconeogenesis
    • 1) Increase in ATP
    • 4) Increase in citrate
    • 5) Increase in acetyl CoA
    • 7) Increase in Glucagon
    • 8) Fasting
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12
Q

17.12

A
  • A) Acetyl CoA - 6) Fuel for the citric acid cycle.
  • B) Citric acid cycle - 10) Central metabolic hub.
  • C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - 1) Catalyzes the link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
  • D) Thiamine pyrophosphate - 7) Coenzyme required by pyruvate dehydrogenase.
  • E) Lipoic acid - 2) Coenzyme required by transacetylase.
  • F) Pyruvate dehydrogenase - 8) Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.
  • G) Acetyllipoamide - 3) Final product of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
  • H) Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase - 4) Catalyzes formation of acetyl CoA.
  • I) Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase - 5) Regenerates active transacetylase.
  • J) Beriberi - 9) due to a deficiency of thiamine.
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13
Q

17.19

A
  • A) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex - 5) Converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA.
  • B) Cytrate synthase - 7) Condenses oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.
  • C) Aconitase - 1) Catalyzes the formation of isocitrate.
  • D) Isocitrate dehydrogenase - 10) Catalyzes the formation of alpha-ketoglutarate.
  • E) Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - 2) Synthesizes succinyl CoA.
  • F) Succinyl CoA synthetase - 4) Generates ATP.
  • G) Succinate dehydrogenase - 9) Synthesizes fumarate.
  • H) Fumarase - 3) Generates malate.
  • I) Malate dehydrogenase - 8) Catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate.
  • J) Pyruvate carboxylase - 6) Converts pyruvate into oxaloacetate.
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14
Q

18.11

A
  • A) Respiration - 4) An ATP generating process in which an inorganic compound serves as the final electron acceptor.
  • B) Redox potential - 5) Measure of the tendancy to accept of donate electrons.
  • C) Electron transport chain - 2) Electron flow from NADH and FADH2 to O2.
  • D) Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) - 10) Accepts electrons from NADH in Complex I.
  • E) Iron Sulfur protein - 3) Facilitates electron flow from FMN to Coenzyme Q in Complex I.
  • F) Coenzyme Q - 8) Lipid Soluble electron carrier.
  • G) Cytochrome C - 9) Donates electrons to complex IV.
  • H) Q cycle - 7) Funnels electrons from a two electron carrier to a one-electron carrier.
  • I) Superoxide dismutase - 1) Converts reactive oxygen species into hydrogen peroxide.
  • J) Catalase - 6) Converts hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water.
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15
Q

18.12

A
  • A) Complex I - 4) NADH-Q-Oxidoreductase
  • B) Complex II - 3) Succinate-Q-Reductase
  • C) Complex III - 1) Q-cytochrome C - Oxidoreductase
  • D) Complex IV - 5) Cytochrome C Oxidase
  • E) Ubiquinone - 2) Coenzyme Q
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16
Q

19.3

A
  • A) Light reactions - 7) Generates ATP, NADPH, and O2.
  • B) Chloroplasts - 5) Cellular location of photosynthesis.
  • C) Reaction center - 4) Site of photoinduced charge separation.
  • D) Chlorophyll - 10) Primary photosynthetic pigment.
  • E) Light harvesting complex - 1) Uses resonance energy transfer to reach the reaction center.
  • F) Photosystem I - 2) Powers the formation of NADPH.
  • G) Photosystem II - 9) Transfers electrons from H2O to P680.
  • H) Cytochrome bf complex - 3) Pumps protons.
  • I) Water oxidizing complex - 8) site of oxygen synthesis.
  • J) ATP synthase - 6) CF1-CF0 Complex.
17
Q

20.19

A
  • A) Calvin Cycle - 5) The Dark Reactions.
  • B) Rubico - 1) Catalyzes CO2 Fixation.
  • C) Carbomate - 7) Required for rubisco activity.
  • D) Starch - 2) Storage form of carbohydrates.
  • E) Sucrose - 10) Transport form of carbohydrates.
  • F) Amylose - 3) Alpha-1,4 linkages only.
  • G) Amylopectin - 6) Includes alpha-1,6-linkages.
  • H) C3 Plants - 4) 3-phosphoglycerate is formed after carbon fixation.
  • I) C4 Plants - 8) Carbon fixation results in oxaloacetate formation.
  • J) Stomata - 9) Allow exchange of gasses.
18
Q

21.2

A
  • A) Glycogen phosphorylase - 8) Catalyzes phosphorolytic cleavage.
  • B) Phosphorolysis - 3) Removal of a glucose residue by the addition of phosphate.
  • C) Transferase - 6) Shifts the location of several glucose residues.
  • D) Alpha-1,6-glucosidase - 5) Liberates a free glucose molecule.
  • E) Phosphoglucomutase - 9) Prepares glucose 1-phosphate for glycolysis.
  • F) Phosphorylase kinase - 2) Activates glycogen phosphorylase.
  • G) Protein Kinase A - 10) Phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase.
  • H) Calmodulin - 1) Calcium binding subunit of phosphorylase kinase.
  • I) Epinephrine - 4) Stimulates glycogen breakdown in muscle.
  • J) Glucagon - 7) Stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver.
19
Q

21.21

A
  • A) UDP-Glucose - 4) Activated substrate for glycogen synthesis.
  • B) UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase - 1) Glucose 1-phosphate is one of its substrates.
  • C) Glycogen synthase - 5) Synthesizes alpha-1,4-linkages between glucose molecules.
  • D) Glycogenin - 10) Provides the primer for glycogen synthesis.
  • E) Branching enzyme - 7) Synthesizes alpha-1,6-linkages between glucose mplecules.
  • F) Glucose 6-phosphate - 2) Potent activator of glycogen synthase b.
  • G) Glycogen synthase kinase - 8) Catalyzes formation of glycogen synthase B.
  • H) Protein Phosphatase 1 - 9) Catalyzes formation of glycogen synthase A.
  • I) Insulin - 6) Leads to the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase.
  • J) Glycogen phosphorylase A - 3) Glucose sensor in liver.
20
Q

22.1

A
  • A) Triacylglycerol - 5) Storage form of fats.
  • B) Perilipin - 11) Lipid droplet-associated protein.
  • C) Adipose triacylglyceride lipase - 1) Enzyme that initiates lipid degradation.
  • D) Glucagon - 10) Simulates lipolysis.
  • E) Acylc CoA synthetase - 2) Activates fatty acids for degredation.
  • F) Carnitine - 6) Required for entry into mitochondria.
  • G) Beta-oxidation pathway - 9) Means by which fatty acids are degraded.
  • H) Enoyl CoA Isomerase - 3) Converts cis-delta3 double bond into a trans-delta2 Double bond.
  • I) 2,4-Dienoyl CoA reductase - 4) Reduces 2,4-dienoyl intermediate to trans-delta3-enoyl CoA.
  • J) Methylmalonyl CoA mutase - 7) Requires Vitamin B12.
  • K) Ketone Body - 8) Acetoacetate.
21
Q

22.20

A
  • A) ATP-Citrate lyase - 10) Generates cytoplasmic acetyl CoA.
  • B) Malic Enzyme - 1) Helps to generate NADPH from NADH.
  • C) Malanoyl CoA - 5) Activated acetyl CoA.
  • D) Acetyl CoA Carboxylase - 8) Catalyzes the commited step in fatty acid synthesis.
  • E) Acyl Carrier Protein - 3) Molecule on which fatty acids are synthesized.
  • F) Beta-ketoacyl synthase - 9) Catalyzes the reaction of acetyl CoA and Malanoyl CoA.
  • G) Palmitate - 6) The end product of fatty acid synthesis.
  • H) Eicosanoids - 7) Fatty Acids containing 20 carbon atoms.
  • I) Arachidonate - 4) A precursor of prostaglandins.
  • J) AMP-Activated protein kinase - 2) Inactivates acetyl CoA carboxylase.
22
Q

23.3

A
  • A) Pepsin - 7) Stomach proteolytic enzyme.
  • B) N-Terminal rule - 4) Determines half life of a protein.
  • C) Ubiquitin - 2) Marks a protein for destruction.
  • D) PEST sequence - 10) Pro-Glu-Ser-Thr
  • E) Threonine nucleophiles - 5) 20S Core.
  • F) ATP-Dependant protein unfolding - 3) 19S regulatory subunit.
  • G) Proteosome - 9) Protein degrading machine.
  • H) Ubiquitin Activating enzyme - 1) Requires an adenylate intermediate.
  • I) Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme - 6) Substrate for ligase.
  • J) Ubiquitin-ligase - 8) Recognizes protein to be degraded.
23
Q

23.16

A
  • A) Formed from NH4+ - 4) Carbamoyl Phosphate.
  • B) Hydrolyzed to yield urea - 5) Arginine
  • C) A second source of nitrogen - 1) Aspartate
  • D) Reacts with aspartate - 6) Citrulline
  • E) Cleavage yields fumarate - 7) Argininosuccinate
  • F) Accepts the first nitrogen - 3) Orninthine
  • G) Final product - 2) Urea
24
Q

24.2

A
  • A) Nitrogen fixation - 4) Conversion of N2 into NH3.
  • B) Nitrogenase complex - 8) Responsible for nitrogen fixation.
  • C) Glutamate - 10) A common amino group donor.
  • D) Essential amino acids - 6) Amino acids that are dietary requirements.
  • E) Non-essential amino acids - 7) Amino acids that are readily synthesized.
  • F) Aminotransferase - 9) Transfers amino groups between keto acids.
  • G) Pyridoxal phosphate - 3) Coenzyme required by aminiotransferases.
  • H) Tetrahydrofolate - 5) A Carrier of various one-carbon units.
  • I) S-adenosylmethionine - 2) An important methyl donor.
  • J) Homocysteine - 1) Methylated to form methionine.
25
Q

25.6

A
  • A) Excessive Urate - 9) Gout
  • B) Lack of adenosine deaminase - 7) Immunodeficiency
  • C) Lack of HGPRT - 6) Lesch-Nyhan disease
  • D) Carbamoyl phosphate - 10) First step in pyrimidine synthesis.
  • E) Inosinate - 2) Precursor to both ATP and GTP.
  • F) Ribonucleotide reductase - 4) Deoxynucleotide synthesis.
  • G) Lack of Folic acid - 1) Spina Bifida.
  • H) Glutamine phosphoribosyl transferase - 11) Committed step in purine synthesis.
  • I) Single ring - 8) Pyrimidine
  • J) Bicycle ring - 3) Purine
  • K) Precursor to CTP - 5) UTP.
26
Q

26.10

A
  • A) Phosphatidate - 8) Precursor to both phospholipids and triacylglycerides.
  • B) Triacylglycerol - 4) Storage form of fatty acids.
  • C) Phospholipid - 1) Glycerol based membrane lipid.
  • D) Sphingolipid - 9) Formed from ceramide by the attachement of phosphocholine.
  • E) Cerebroside - 3) Ceramide with either glucose or galactose attached.
  • F) Ganglioside - 10) Ceramide with multiple carbohydrates attached.
  • G) Cholesterol - 5) Squalene is a precursor to this molecule.
  • H) Mevalonate - 2) Product of the committed step in cholesterol synthesis.
  • I) Lipoprotein particle - 6) Transports cholesterols and lipids.
  • J) Steroid hormone - 7) Derived from cholesterol.
27
Q

27.8

A
  • 1) Secreted by adipose tissue
    • 1) Leptin
    • 2) Adiponectin
  • 2) Stimulates liver gluconeogenesis
    • 6) Glucagon
  • 3) GPCR Pathway
    • 3) GLP-1
    • 4) CCK
    • 6) Glucagon
  • 4) Satiety Signal
    • 3) GLP-1
    • 4) CCK
  • 5) Enhances insulin secretion
    • 3) GLP-1
  • 6) Secreted by pancreas during a fast
    • 6) Glucagon
  • 7) Secreted after a meal
    • 5) Insulin
  • 8) Stimulates glycogen synthesis
    • 5) Insulin
  • 9) Missing in type I diabetes
    • 5) Insulin
28
Q
A
  • A) Initiation
    • 1) GTP
    • 2) AUG
    • 3) fMet
    • 5) IF2
    • 6) Shine-Dalgarno
    • 10) Transformylase
  • B) Elongation
    • 1) GTP
    • 2) AUG
    • 7) EF-Tu
    • 8) Peptidyl Transferase
  • C) Termination
    • 1) GTP
    • 4) RRF
    • 8) Peptidyl transferase
    • 9) UGA

Biochemistry General Study (16 decks)

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