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Flashcards in Materials / Bruce's Final Prep Deck (37)
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1
Q

Durometer

A

Hardness of tubing

2
Q

Spallation

A

Cracking failure especially at point of flexion

3
Q

Memory

A

Flexibility and resilience

4
Q

Wear was invariably found on the luminal surfaces at the junction of

A

-inner and outer walls of PVC and silicone rubber tubing -no differences between normal and tight occlusions

5
Q

The grooves in the PVC tubing were narrow and continuous with occasional deep cracks in the tubing after

A

> 3 hrs. on pump

6
Q

Tygon material after 3.67 million compressions at full occlusion

A

crack formation did not occur

7
Q

If the Tygon tubing was over-occluded, cracks did appear within ____.

A

24 h

8
Q

A visible change of tubing diameter was generally noticeable by around 250 psi of arterial line pressure, which was already very high. By 1,500 psi what were the results of PVC and Silicone ?

A

PVC diameter ↑ by 5% to 10%

Silicone rubber tubings diameter ↑ between 20% to 25%

9
Q

Silicone rubber tubings of all sizes showed?

A

greater distensibility than PVC tubings of equivalent size

10
Q

1 PSI =

A

52 mmHg

11
Q

Filtered reservoirs included 3 things?

A
  • Sponge filter
  • defoaming agent
  • Screen filters
12
Q

Unfiltered reservoirs are known as what ?

A

Collapsible bags

13
Q

Historic filters were made of what ?

A

Dacron, wool, felt and nylon screens.

14
Q

Current ECC Materials ?

A

– Polyvinylchloride
– Polycarbonate
– Polypropylene

– Stainless Steel

15
Q

INFLAMMATION: Initiators-

A
-Systemic cytokine  
 signaling and -compliment system 
 activation 
-Expression of cell 
 adhesion molecules
16
Q

INFLAMMATION:

Effectors-

A

Margination of neutrophils, monocytes and platelets Release of granule proteases

17
Q
INFLAMMATION by
Effectors- 
&
Initiators  
can lead to what ?
A

Organ Failure:

18
Q

SIRS =

A

Systemic Inflammatory Response System

19
Q

Cytokine =

A

Molecules released from inflammatory cells

that are signaling agents.

20
Q

ATN

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis which results from
↑ surface contact
↑ hemolysis
= organ failure.

21
Q

Coagulation /
Fibrinolysis cascade

1:17

A

Biological cascade influenced by contact of blood with a foreign surface.

22
Q

Compliment activation
proteins (5)

1:19

A
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
less compliment proteins is good
23
Q

Complement proteins lead to what ?

1:20

A

a hole in the cell membrane leading to destruction of the cell

24
Q

Ways of reducing contact activation ?

1:21

A

–Smaller components –Reduced air interface

25
Q

4 Surface Treatments by

Heparin bonding

A

– Carmeda
– Duroflow
– Bioline
– Trillium

26
Q

4 Surface Treatments by Surface modification

A

– SMART
– PC
– X-coating
– Softline

27
Q

Carmeda

A

Covalent end- point attachment of heparin to ECC surface

does not wash off

28
Q

Duroflow

A

Ionic end-point attachment of heparin to ECC material

washes off

29
Q

SMART

1:28

A
  • Cobe Product
  • Molecule added to the plastic before extrusion - passively moves to surface of material
  • Alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces
  • Designed to occupy all of fibrinogens binding sites, disabling it from binding platelets
30
Q

Trillium

1:30

A

Binds a linker molecule to the PVC then binds heparin and other molecules to the linker to create a heparinized boundary layer

31
Q

X Coating™ (PMEA)

1:31

A

poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate)
•Non-heparin / organic polymer
• Used in plasma pheresis in early 1990’s
• Amphiphilic: hydrophobic / hydrophilic
• Reduces protein adsorption / denaturation
• Reduces platelet adhesion / activation

32
Q

Phosphorylcholine (PC)

A
  • a molecule in plasma membranes of the body’s cells
  • creates a hydrated boundary layer between the blood and the tubing

Marketed as
“Mimesys coating”

33
Q

Classic complement pathway is activated by ?

A

Interaction with antigen-antibody complexes.

34
Q

Alternative complement “properdin pathway” is activated by ?

A

Exposure of blood to foreign surfaces

35
Q

An additional, potential mechanism for excessive bleeding following cardiopulmonary bypass is that ?

A

heparin activates the fibrinolytic system, which in turn, adversely affects hemostasis.

36
Q

heparin induces activation of the

A

fibrinolytic system

37
Q

Bubble trap works on what 2 principles?

A

Buoyancy

Bubble point pressure