Materials Of The Earth

Question 1

What is the study of minerals?

Answer 1

Mineralogy

Question 2

What are the building blocks of rocks?

Answer 2

Minerals

Question 3

What is defined as naturally formed, generally inorganic crystalline solid composed of an ordered array of atoms and having a specific chemical composition?

Answer 3

Mineral

Question 4

State MOH’s Scale of Hardness.

Answer 4

1 - talc
2 - gypsum 
3 - calcite
4 - fluorite 
5 - apatile
6 - orthoclase
7 - quartz
8 - topaz
9 - corundum 
10 - diamond

Question 5

What are the Physical Properties of Minerals?

Answer 5

1. Luster
2. Hardness
3. Streak
4. Cleavage
5. Fracture
6. Color
7. Specific Gravity
8. Tenacity
9. Crystal Shape
10. Reaction to natural light

Question 6

What are the Chemical Properties of Minerals?

Answer 6

1. Taste Test

2. Fizz Test

Question 7

It is a precious metal which can be found pure in nature.

Answer 7

Gold

Question 8

It is used as a catalyst in refining petroleum.

Answer 8

Platinum

Question 9

What is the Rock Cycle?

Answer 9

Igneous → Sedimentary → ↑Metamorphic

Question 10

What are the 3 major groups of rocks?

Answer 10

Igneous Rock, Sedimentary Rock, Metamorphic Rock

Question 11

What are formed by the cooling and crystallization of hot, molten rock material called “magma”?

Answer 11

Igneous Rock

Question 12

What does Igneous meam?

Answer 12

It means “formed by fire”

Question 13

What does molten rock called when it reaches the surface?

Answer 13

“Lava”

Question 14

The rocks resulting when lava is solidifies are classified as _____?

Answer 14

Extrusive Rocks

Question 15

The magma does not reach the surface and crystallizes at great depths are called ______

Answer 15

Intrusive Rocks

Question 16

Large intrusive rocks bodies are called _____

Answer 16

Plutons

Question 17

Example of Igneous Rocks?

Answer 17

EX:
andesite
basalt
granite
diorite
gabbro
rhyolite

Question 18

What forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals ate pressed and cemented together?

Answer 18

Sedimentary Rock

Question 19

What does Sedimentary mean?

Answer 19

derived from the word Sedimentation which means “settling”

Question 20

What are the two classification of sedimentary rock?

Answer 20

1. Clastic Sedimentary

2. Chemical Sedimentary

Question 21

What sedimentary rocks that are formed by accumulation, compaction, and cementation of different solid particles that came from mechanical or chemical weathering?

Answer 21

Clastic Sedimentary

Question 22

What sedimentary that mostly contains materials that are formed by chemical precipitation of minerals as a direct result of physical processes or as an indirect result of like process of water dwelling animals?

Answer 22

Chemical Sedimentary

Question 23

Examples of Clastic Sedimentary?

Answer 23

conglomerate 
breccis
sandstone 
limestone 
shale
calcite
halite

Question 24

Example of Chemical Sedimentary?

Answer 24

calcite

Question 25

What is formed when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions?

Answer 25

Metamorphic Rock

Question 26

Where are most metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 26

Underground

Question 27

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks?

Answer 27

``` slates marble quartzite gnosis schist serpentine ```

Question 28

What refers to the arrangement of mineral crystals in the metamorphic rock?

Answer 28

Foliation

Question 29

What exhibits parallel alignment of the minerals?

Answer 29

Foliated

Question 30

What are produced when there is very little deformation and when the parent rock has equidimensional crystals?

Answer 30

Non-foliated

Question 31

What is a series of processes on and beneath the Earth’s surface that slowly change rocks from one kind to another?

Answer 31

Rock Cycle

Question 32

What refers to the changes occurring at or near the surface of the Earth that includes disintegration and decomposition of rocks?

Answer 32

Weathering

Question 33

What are the 2 types of weathering?

Answer 33

1. Physical Weathering / Mechanical Weathering | 2. Chemical Weathering

Question 34

What type if weathering that is breaking the rocks into small pieces with each piece retaining the characteristics of the original?

Answer 34

Physical/Mechanical Weathering

Question 35

What us a mechanical process that breaks large masses of rocks into small fragments?

Answer 35

Disintegration

Question 36

What is a chemical process which results in the formation of new substances such as from elements to rocks?

Answer 36

Decomposition

Question 37

How does physical weathering occur?

Answer 37

> water enters into every crack of the rock > when temperature becomes cold, water freezes and expands > the rocks are pushed further apart and a process called Wedging

Question 38

Weathering is hastened by the following: Catalyst

Answer 38

- activities of plants - borrowing animals - and by people

Question 39

What weathering will occur when the internal structure of a mineral is changed by the removal or addition of elements?

Answer 39

Chemical Weathering

Question 40

What is an important agent of chemical weathering?

Answer 40

Water