Maternal adaptation Flashcards
State which hormone is responsible hypertrophy(1) and hyperplasia of the uterus (1)
Hypertrophy of muscle fibers- estrogen
Hyperplasia of uterine cells - progesterone
Describe Goodell’s sign, what causes it and when it is seen
Softening of the cervix due to increased vascularization from hypertrophy and engorgement of blood vessels below uterus
From week 4 and 8 approximately week 6
Describe Chadwick’s sign, what causes it and when it is seen
It is a bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina and vulva caused by venous congestion as a result of increased blood flow
4-8 Weeks
Describe hegar’s sign, what causes it and when its seen
Compressibility and softening of the cervical isthmus
Caused by increased blood flow, estrogen and progesterone
4-12 weeks
Function of progesterone x2
Raise body temperature
Causes smooth muscle relaxation
What membrane produces HCG and its function
Produced by syncytiotrophoblast and stimulates corpus luteum to produces progesterone
What stimulates the thyroid binding globulin and where is it produced
Stimulated by high estrogen levels and produced by hepatic cells
Function of T4 thyroid hormone
Fetal neural development
Where is corticotropin releasing hormone produced and its function
By placenta
Potentiates the action of prostaglandins and oxytocin
Function of estrogen during labour x2
Softening and ripening the cervix
Hormones produced by fetus in utero that help in labour x2
Pituitary produces oxytocin
Adrenal glands produce cortisol which converts progesterone to estrogen which promotes cervical ripening
Frequency of vaginal exams during latent and active phase of labour x2
Once every 6 hours in latent and once every 4 hours in active
Complications of labour x5
Pain
Perineal tears
Excessive bleeding
Fetal distress
Retained placenta
Define uterine inversion
Placenta fails to separate from uterus hence it pulls it inside out as it exits
4 changes to the breast
Nipple becomes dark and large
Montgometry glands more prominent
Engorgement and dilation of superficial veins
Secretion by 8 weeks
