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NCLEX > Maternity > Flashcards

Maternity Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Nagele’s rule

A

(to estimate due date

  • Requires that woman has 28-day menstrual cycle
  • Subtract 3 mths and add 7 days to the first day of the last period; then add 1 year
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2
Q

Nulligravida

A

never been pregnant

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3
Q

Primigravida

A

first time

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4
Q

Multigravida

A

at least second pregnancy

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5
Q

Parity

A

Number of births carried past 20 weeks gestation (regardless of whether alive or not when born)

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6
Q

Nullipara

A

has not had birth at more then 20 weeks

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7
Q

Primipara

A

one birth after 20 weeks

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8
Q

Multipara

A

two or more pregnancies to stage of viability

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9
Q

GTPAL

A 
*used to assess pregnancy outcomes
G = gravidity, number of pregnancies
T = term births, number born at term (longer than 37 weeks)
P = preterm births, before 37 weeks
A = abortions/miscarriages
L = number of living children
Example: female 26 weeks pregnant. Miscarriage at 10 weeks. 3 yr old born at 39 weeks.
G=3, T=1, P=0, A=1, L=1
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10
Q

difference between presumptive, probably, and positive signs of pregnancys

A

presumptive - signs & symptoms experience by woman
probable - signs from examiner
positive - scientific confirmation of pregnancy

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11
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

probable sign of pregnancy

■ Compressibility and softening of lower uterine segment (approx. week 6)

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12
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

probable sign of pregnancy

■ Softening of cervix (beginning of 2nd mth)

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13
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

probable sign of pregnancy

■ Violet colouration of the mucous membranes of cervix, vagina, vulva (approx. week 4)

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14
Q

Ballottement

A

probable sign of pregnancy

■ Rebounding of fetus against examiners fingers on palpation

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15
Q

why should women take folic acid during pregnancy?

A

Prevents neural tube defects and orofacial clefts

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16
Q

what is abruptio placentae?

A

the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus

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17
Q

how many stages of labour are there?

A

4

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18
Q

describe latent phase (stage, frequencyduration of contractions, dilation, intensity of contractions)

A

stage 1, 15-30 min, 15-30 sec, 1-4 cm, mild

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19
Q

describe active phase (stage, frequencyduration of contractions, dilation, intensity of contractions)

A

stage 1, 3-5 min, 30-60 sec, 4-7 cm, moderate

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20
Q

describe transition phase (stage, frequencyduration of contractions, dilation, intensity of contractions)

A

stage 1, 2-3 min, 45-90 sec, 8-10 cm, strong

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21
Q

describe stage 2 of labour

A

complete dilation, progress measured by station, contractions q2-3 min, 60-75 sec, strong, urge to bear down, neonate born in 2nd stage

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22
Q

describe stage 3 labour

A

placental separation & expulsion 5-30 min after birth

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23
Q

describe stage 4 of labour

A

Period 1-4 hours after delivery

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24
Q

in induction, what is the desired labour pattern during infusion of Pitocin?

A

Frequency q2-3 minutes, duration 60 seconds

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25
at what point should Pitocin be discontinued when infusing for induction?
if uterine contraction frequency is less than 2 minutes or duration longer than 90 seconds, or if fetal distress noted
26
what is placenta previa?
Improperly implanted placenta in lower uterine segment near or over the internal cervical os
27
characteristics of placenta previa
Sudden onset painless, bright red bleeding in last half of the pregnancy Uterus soft, relaxed, nontender Fundal height may be more than expected for gestational age
28
characteristics of abruptio placentae
``` Dark red vaginal bleeding (but could be absence of visible blood) Uterine pain tenderness or both Uterine rigidity Severe abdominal pain Signs of fetal distress ```
29
what is placenta accreta?
Abnormally adherent placenta
30
what is placenta increta?
Placenta penetrates into uterine muscle itself
31
what is placenta percreta?
Goes all the way through the uterus
32
what is the main concern with placental abnormalities?
hemorrhage and therefore shock
33
signs of fetal distress
``` FHR <110 bpm or >160 bpm Meconium-stained amniotic fluid Fetal hyperactivity Progressive decrease in baseline variability Severe variable decelerations Late decelerations ```
34
what is a potential serious complication of intrauterine death?
DIC
35
signs of postpartum hematoma
severe pain pressure bulging mass perineal area, discoloured skin inability to void
36
when should a woman worry about her elevated temperature?
temp of 38 is normal within first 24 hours d/t dehydration, a temp of 100.4/38 or greater after 24 hours postpartum indicated infection
37
is it ok for a woman with mastitis to continue breastfeeding?
Yes
38
what is the postpartum period?
immediately after birth to 6 weeks post delivery
39
what is involution?
Rapid decrease in size of uterus as it returns to nonpregnant state
40
what should a non-breastfeeding mother do about engorgement?
should not express milk | cool compressess, supportive bra, ibuprofen
41
what do newborn stools look like?
light yellow, seedy, watery, and frequent
42
in what order to you suction a newborn?
mouth first then nares
43
what are the indicators that make up the APGAR score?
``` Heart rate Respiratory rate/effort Muscle tone Reflex irritability Skin colour ```
44
what is the intervention for apgar score of 4-7?
Stimulate; rub newborn’s back; admin oxygen; rescore at specific intervals
45
what is the intervention for apgar score of 0-3?
Requires full resuscitation; rescore at specific intervals
46
what is the normal interval for apgar scoring?
at 1 minute, at 5 minutes, (and at 10 if needed)
47
normal newborn HR
resting 120-160 beats / min Sleeping 80-100 Up to 180 if crying
48
normal newborn respirations
30-60 per minute, assess for full minute
49
normal newborn head circumference
33-35 cm
50
number and type of vessels that should be found in umbilical cord
2 arteries, 1 vein
51
when does pathological jaundice happen ad what does it mean?
within first 24 hours | hemolysis of RBCs
52
care for circumcision
petroleum jelly gauze, removed after first voiding post-circumcision
53
meconium
greenish black with a thick, sticky, tarlike consistency, usually passed within first 24 hours of life
54
what does meconium staining put the newborn at risk for?
meconium aspiration syndrome
55
what does HELLP syndrome stand for?
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count| | *severe form of preeclamspia
56
what is the clinical presentation of HELLP syndrome?
RUQ pain, Nausea, vomiting, malaise
57
when can fetal sex be determined?
usually by end of 12th week by visualizing external genitalia on ultrasound`
58
what is the cause of late decelerations?
uteroplacental insufficiency
59
what is the cause of variable decelerations?
cord compression
60
what is the significance of TORCH infections?
cause fetal abnormalities
61
what are the TORCH infections?
Toxoplasmosis, Other [parvo-B19/varicella zoster], Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus
62
signs of ICP infants
``` bulging fontanels irritability high-pitched cry increased head circumference setting sun eyes (eyes appear t be looking down and prominent sclera over iris) ```

NCLEX (8 decks)

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