Various conditions information

Question 1

Refeeding syndrome lab findings

Answer 1

rapid declines in phosphorus, potassium, magnesium

Question 2

what is Hirschsprung disease ?

Answer 2

infants - distal large intestine missing nerve cells; therefore internal anal sphincter unable to relax

Question 3

clinical presentation of Hirschsprung disease

Answer 3

Bilious vomiting
Distended abdomen
Failure to pass meconium
Failure of internal anal sphincter relaxation

Question 4

what puts a child at risk for Reye syndrome?

Answer 4

use of salicylates for fever control

recent viral illness (flu, chicken pox)

Question 5

clinical presentation of Reye syndrome

Answer 5

fever, lethargy, acute encephalopathy (vomiting, severe altered level of consciousness) and altered hepatic function

Question 6

what is PKU?

Answer 6

lack of enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine

Question 7

what is the treatment for PKU?

Answer 7

low-phenylalanine diet (no dairy, eggs, meat)
need special formula as a baby
lifelong thing
low-phenylalanine foods (fruits and veg)

Question 8

what is acromegaly?

Answer 8

overproduction in growth hormone

Question 9

clinical presentation of acromegaly?

Answer 9

overgrowth of soft tissues of face, hands, feet, organs

Question 10

what is normal PAWP and what is it a measure of?

Answer 10

6-12 mmHg and it measures preload

Question 11

without knowing lab results, what is a clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?

Answer 11

muscle cramps

Question 12

what is homynous hemianopsia?

Answer 12

a loss of half of the visual field on the same side

Question 13

what is priapism?

Answer 13

sustained, painful erection

Question 14

what is the main concern after tracheostomy placement?

Answer 14

dislodgement

Question 15

what is sjogren’s syndrome

Answer 15

autoimmune against moisture-producing exocrine glands

Question 16

s and s of hypomagnesemia

Answer 16

ventricular arrhythmias, neuromuscular excitability

Question 17

s and s of hypercalcemia

Answer 17

constipation and polyuria – calcium has diuretic effect

Question 18

s and s of hypernatremia

Answer 18

increased thirst and dry mucous membranes

Question 19

s and s of hypokalemia

Answer 19

weakness/paralysis or soft flabby muscles, paralytic ileus, cardiac arrhythmias

Question 20

partial pressures and pH that indicate acute respiratory failure

Answer 20

PaO2 <60, PaCO2 >50, pH <7.30

Question 21

what is the immediate intervention for acute respiratory failure?

Answer 21

high O2 or possible mechanical ventilation

Question 22

above what amount of output per hour from chest tube is reportable to the HCP?

Answer 22

> 100 ml/hr

Question 23

what symptom happens with skin when jaundiced?

Answer 23

itching

Question 24

where is gallbladder pain felt?

Answer 24

RUQ radiating to R shoulder

Question 25

what is the goal systolic pressure in permissive hypertension after a stroke?

Answer 25

>170 mmHg

Question 26

if someone has permissive hypertension after stroke, what BP would necessitate treatment

Answer 26

>220/110 mmHg

Question 27

what is the cause of malignant hyperthermia

Answer 27

predisposition is genetic | uncontrolled release of calcium in muscles - causing hypermetabolic activity = hyperthermia

Question 28

early signs of malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 28

hypercapnia muscle rigidity *temperature increase is a late sign

Question 29

signs of peritonitis

Answer 29

``` guarding of abdomen increased temp and chills pallor abdominal distention and pain restlessness tachycardia and tachypnea ```

Question 30

intussusception infants

Answer 30

``` colicky abdominal pain - screaming and drawing knees up vomiting of gastric contents bile-stained fecal emesis currant jelly stools (blood and mucus) abnormal bowel sounds tender, distended abdomen ```

Question 31

what is the main clinical presentation difference between DKA and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Answer 31

no kussmaul resps or abdominal pain

Question 32

what parameters constitute hypertensive emergency?

Answer 32

>180 mmHg systolic and/or >120 diastolic

Question 33

what is trisomy 18?

Answer 33

aka Edwards syndrome chromosome anomaly severe cardiac defects and multiple musculoskeletal deformities Life expectancy a few weeks after birth

Question 34

what is cushings triad associated with?

Answer 34

increasing ICP

Question 35

what is cushings triad

Answer 35

bradycardia, rising systolic blood pressure/widening pulse pressure, and irregular respirations

Question 36

what characterizes 1st degree heart block?

Answer 36

long PR intervals (>0.20 seconds)

Question 37

what characterizes 2nd degree type 1 heart block?

Answer 37

irregular P waves, dropped R waves, irregular R waves, long PR intervals *cyclic progressive lengthening of PR interval until QRS drops

Question 38

what characterizes 2nd degree type 2 heart block?

Answer 38

dropped and therefore irregular R waves

Question 39

what characterizes 3rd degree or complete heart block?

Answer 39

P & R waves firing independently (out of sync) both are regular no real pattern to PR interval because of out of sync