MATS Flashcards

Question

Aerodrome

Answer 1

Any area of land, water (including the frozen surface thereof) or other supporting surface used, designed, prepared, equipped, or set apart for use, either in whole or in part, for the arrival, departure, movement, or servicing of aircraft. This includes any buildings, installations, and equipment situated thereon or associated therewith

Answer 2

An aerodrome for which an airport certificate is in force

Answer 3

An aerodrome at which an ATC unit is in operation.

Answer 4

An airport at which an airport control service is provided

Answer 5

You may apply ATS surveillance control procedures, provided: * The aircraft is identified.[2] * The aircraft is in the TRA. * You are satisfied that the displayed ATS surveillance information is adequate.

Answer 6

Know the distance and direction of each prominent landmark that may be used as a visual reporting point within a 25-mile radius of the airport. If necessary, help pilots determine the location of a visual reporting point

Answer 7

A term (pronounced KAV-OH-KAY), derived from the words "ceiling and visibility OK," that may be used in air-ground communication when meteorological information is transmitted to aircraft. CAVOK refers to the simultaneous occurrence at an airport of all of the following meteorological conditions: * No cloud below 5000 ft, or below the highest minimum sector altitude (MSA), whichever is higher, and no cumulonimbus * A visibility of 6 SM or more * No precipitation, thunderstorm, shallow fog, or drifting snow

Answer 8

Issue wind direction and speed as calm if the wind speed is: * 2 knots or less on an analog dial indicator instrument * 00 knot on a digital reading instrument, EXCDS, METAR, SPECI or automated observation

Answer 9

When gusty wind conditions are obtained from reports or observed on direct reading instruments, issue wind direction and speed of gusts.

Answer 10

Express altimeter settings as four-digit numbers, indicating the inches of mercury to the nearest hundredth of an inch. Do not indicate the decimal point. Pronounce the digits 5 and 9 as indicated in Phonetic Number Pronunciation

Answer 11

Use the unit’s direct reading altimeter as the primary instrument for obtaining the local altimeter setting. At locations where the direct reading altimeter is independent of the primary source digital barometer, verify its accuracy against the reference altimeter setting when opening the unit, if applicable, and at least once per shift.

Answer 12

Keep informed of the operating status of airport equipment used by aircraft or ATC.

Answer 13

Issue the altimeter setting as follows: * If the setting is 28.99 or lower, or 31.00 or higher, state the setting twice…(altimeter), I SAY AGAIN (altimeter)

Answer 14

A report by a pilot pertaining to weather conditions encountered in flight.

Answer 15

The position designated responsible for disseminating weather information, if applicable * If the weather is of significance, to: ◦ Concerned pilots ◦ Appropriate FIC ◦ Other concerned sectors/units

Answer 16

Issue information about a radar-observed weather area as follows: [size or extent of the area], (position), [MOVING ( SLOWLY / RAPIDLY ) ] [direction], (other information)

Answer 17

Obtain weather information from METARs, SPECIs, or LAWO, supplemented by PIREPs and controller’s observations. Advise pilots when the METAR or SPECI are provided by an AWOS.

Answer 18

The lesser of: * the height above ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud covering more than half the sky * the vertical visibility in a surface-based layer that completely obscures the sky

Answer 19

With respect to an aerodrome, the visibility at that aerodrome as contained in a weather observation reported by any of the following: EO 103.2 Determine the weather. Weather Basic Airport Control Course 1110-15 Lesson Plan L103-24 * An ATC unit * An FSS or FIC * A community aerodrome radio station (CARS) * An automated weather observation system (AWOS) used by the Department of Transport, the Department of National Defence, or the Atmospheric Environment Service for the purpose of making aviation weather observations * A radio station that is ground-based and operated by an air operated by an air operator.

Answer 20

It is the maximum visibility value common to sectors comprising one-half or more of the horizon circle

Answer 21

Any runway or runways currently being used for takeoff or landing. When multiple runways are used, they are all considered active runways.

Answer 22

Assign runways as indicated in Assigning Runways. You may suggest or approve a request for another runway, provided: * You or the aircraft gain an operational advantage. * You clearly indicate the wind direction and speed to the pilot.

Answer 23

When referring to wind conditions, a wind not parallel to the runway or the path of an aircraft.

Answer 24

For runway operations, considered to exist whenever the surface wind exceeds an angle of 90° to the runway used by an aircraft.

Answer 25

An indicator that is in the form of a truncated cone made of fabric and that is not less than 12 ft long and, at the larger end, not less than 3 ft in diameter, so constructed as to give a clear indication of the direction of surface wind and a general indication of wind speed

Answer 26

Issue a take-off or landing clearance to a fixed-wing aircraft, provided the operation takes place on a runway or another approved and designated area. Taxiways may be used only in an emergency. If the pilot requests to land on or take off from a surface other than a runway or an approved and designated area: * If necessary, provide traffic and obstruction information, and control instructions. * Inform the pilot that landing or takeoff will be at the pilot’s discretion.

Answer 27

When issuing a clearance, vectors or approving a pilot’s request, except for reasons of flight safety, follow noise abatement procedures. Even in the absence of established procedures, avoid clearing or directing aircraft that generate significant noise over a populated area, particularly at night

Answer 28

: Consider noise abatement requirements and other pertinent regulations before authorizing a deviation from the designated traffic circuit.

Answer 29

Direct all media inquiries to NAV CANADA Media Relations (1 888 562 8226). Direct inquiries from the public to the airline company or NAV CANADA head office (1-800-876-4693).

Answer 30

One or more runways designated and published by the airport operator whose selection directs aircraft away from noise-sensitive areas during the initial departure and final approach phases of flight. Designation of preferential runways may be governed by time restrictions, weather, runway conditions, airport layout, aircraft routings, or capacity maximization.

Answer 31

Covered with sufficient moisture to cause it to be reflective, but not "contaminated”.

Answer 32

The wind speed measured in knots at angles from 20° to 90° from the runway in use that would equal the effect of a wind applied at 90° to the runway in use.

Answer 33

The wind speed measured in knots at angles from 20° to 90° from the runway in use that would equal the effect of a wind applied at 90° to the runway in use.

Answer 34

: ATIS messages are identified with a code letter as follows: * Assign a code letter in sequence from the phonetic alphabet, beginning with ALFA, and continuing to ZULU until all letters are used, then start a new cycle without regard to the beginning of a new day. * If the broadcast is interrupted for 6 hours or more, assign code ALFA to the first message on resuming service. * If two radio frequencies are used to simultaneously broadcast in both official languages, assign the same code letter and use identical message content. * If two radio frequencies are used to simultaneously broadcast an arrival ATIS message and a departure ATIS message, assign the same code letter to both

Answer 35

If the ATIS broadcast is interrupted, inform concerned sectors/units

Answer 36

Keep ATIS messages concise. Do not include RVR in the ATIS message. Include the following information in order, as applicable, in the ATIS message: 1. Aerodrome name 2. Message code letter [4] 3. Weather information, including: ○ Time of weather report (METAR, SPECI) or sequence ○ Surface wind, including gusts [5][6] ○ Visibility, weather and obstructions to vision and sky condition (specify the ceiling, if applicable).[7] You may replace this information with the term CAVOK. LAWO sites are only to include visibility and ceiling information. ○ Temperature ○ Dew Point ○ Altimeter setting [8] ○ Pertinent SIGMETs, AIRMETs and PIREPs that include severe weather conditions in the vicinity of the airport[9], which may be itemized or referred to alphanumerically in the ATIS messages ○ Other pertinent weather information

Answer 37

In accordance with unit procedures, compose, record, and distribute ATIS messages and if required, complete an ATIS Message form (NC28-0098).

Answer 38

With the exception of ATIS-NG, verify the accuracy of an ATIS recording before the message is broadcast.[14] Provide a copy of the current ATIS message to each concerned position.

Answer 39

Issue information on field conditions and the status of airport equipment or services, either directly or through the ACC, in sufficient time for it to be useful to the aircraft

Answer 40

Before authorizing taxiing aircraft or ground traffic to operate on a runway being used for landing or takeoff, coordinate with the airport controller. The status and ownership of runways must be indicated at the operating position(s).

Answer 41

Coordinate, as appropriate, with other operating positions within the unit and with other ATS units or concerned agencies

Answer 42

The area around an active runway established to protect aircraft taking off and landing from taxiing aircraft and ground traffic.

Answer 43

Respond to requests for radio checks or readability by using either plain language or the readability scale indicated below 1 Unreadable 2 Readable now and then 3 Readable but with difficulty 4 Readable 5 Perfectly Readable

Answer 44

Insert the aircraft call sign or the identification of the receiving unit at the beginning of every transmission and, as required, your unit identification as the second item. If the source of the transmission may be misunderstood, use the words THIS IS before identifying your unit

Answer 45

Use standard phraseology contained in MATS whenever possible. Use standard phraseology in preference to plain language. If phraseology contained in MATS is not understood, use clear and concise plain language.

Answer 46

Clarify a request from a vehicle operator as follows: ( vehicle id ) ( unit id ) STATE YOUR REQUEST. ( vehicle id ) ( unit id ) WHAT ARE YOUR INTENTIONS?

Answer 47

Once communication is established with a pilot, you may adjust the unit identification: * If your position has only one function and there is no likelihood of misunderstanding, you may omit the unit name and function. * If your position has more than one function, you may omit the unit name, but must state the function in each transmission. For sectors with multiple frequencies or combined sectors with multiple frequencies, you do not need to restate unit name when a pilot is changed to another frequency under your jurisdiction.

Answer 48

Movement Instructions: When issuing aircraft taxi or ground traffic movement instructions: * Issue instructions as necessary, in plain, concise language. * Instruct the pilot or driver to either CROSS or HOLD SHORT of a runway on their route. * Instruct the pilot or driver to CROSS or HOLD SHORT of a taxiway on their route, as necessary. * Obtain a readback of a HOLD or HOLD SHORT instruction. [1] READBACK HOLD INSTRUCTIONS. READBACK HOLD SHORT INSTRUCTIONS. * In initial movement instructions, include only that portion of the intended route to the first “hold” area or intermediate point. * If alternate routes are available, include the specific route. * Amend aircraft taxi or ground traffic, movement instructions when necessary. Remember that the last clearance issued takes precedence over and cancels any related item of a previous clearance. When you amend a route, re-issue HOLD SHORT instruction

Answer 49

For taxiing aircraft or ground traffic on any controlled manoeuvring area, identify the aircraft or vehicle and issue specific instructions as appropriate.

Answer 50

In authorizations or instructions for aircraft to taxi, do not use the word CLEARED. When communicating with ground traffic, do not use the words GO AHEAD, CLEAR, or CLEARED. If the destination of the aircraft or the vehicle is a runway, avoid the word TO in the route

Answer 51

When you refuse, delay, or modify a request from a taxiing pilot or a vehicle operator, say NEGATIVE followed by further instructions and, if necessary, the reason. When a pilot or a vehicle operator requests a specific route that involves crossing a runway and a hold short instruction will be issued, the use of NEGATIVE is mandatory

Answer 52

Identify and correct any errors made during delivery or readback of a clearance or instruction, even if a readback is not required. If there is any possibility of misunderstanding, cancel and restate the clearance or instruction in full.

Answer 53

Before issuing clearances or instructions to airport traffic, and, to the extent possible, at other frequent intervals, visually scan the manoeuvring area thoroughly, as follows: * Be systematic. * Scan at least twice to overcome “object hypnosis” (seeing only things that move). * Move your eyes from one point to another (rather than in one continuous sweep). * Scan from left to right. * Be aware that you can only focus on a small area at a time (approximately the area that would be covered by your fist when your arm is extended in front of you)

Answer 54

If ground traffic on the non-manoeuvring area requests to proceed into the RPA, you may do either of the following: * Instruct the traffic to remain outside the area. MOWER TWO-THREE-SIX, NEGATIVE, TRAFFIC DEPARTING. * Approve the request using clear and concise direction. TRUCK EIGHT-TWO, PROCEED INTO THE RUNWAY TWO-FIVE PROTECTED AREA

Answer 55

If ground traffic is operating within the RPA, instruct the traffic to exit the area when required. ( vehicle id ) ( LEAVE / EXIT / VACATE / GET OFF ) ( runway id ) PROTECTED AREA, ( reason ), REPORT OFF. STAFF TWO-FOUR, LEAVE THE RUNWAY TWO-FIVE PROTECTED AREA, TRAFFIC LANDING, REPORT OFF.

Answer 56

When required for repetitive ground traffic operations, you may instruct ground traffic to operate on a single runway and through a runway intersection. PROCEED ONTO ( runway id ), CROSS ( runway id ) UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED. PROCEED ONTO RUNWAY THREE-FOUR, CROSS RUNWAYS ZERO-TWO AND TWONINE UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED

Answer 57

If a call sign includes the aircraft’s registration, use the phonetic alphabet for that aircraft registration

Answer 58

After initial contact using the full call sign, some aircraft call signs may subsequently be abbreviated. Unless it assists in distinguishing one call sign from another, avoid abbreviating call signs of aircraft with similar sounding identification.

Answer 59

If communicating with two or more aircraft that are using the same flight number or similar-sounding call signs, advise each of the aircraft concerned of the other’s presence. WESTJET EIGHT-ONE-THREE, BE ADVISED JAZZ EIGHT-EIGHT-ONE-THREE ALSO ON THIS FREQUENCY. JAZZ EIGHT-EIGHT-ONE-THREE, BE ADVISED WESTJET EIGHT-ONETHREE ALSO ON THIS FREQUENCY. If further clarification is required, do one of the following: * For emphasis, restate the telephony designator of the aircraft after the flight number. JAZZ EIGHT-EIGHT-ONE-THREE JAZZ * Add the type of aircraft to the call sign NAVAJO BRAVO ZULU ALFA

Answer 60

Include the wake category suffixes HEAVY or SUPER as appropriate in the initial contact. After communication is established, you may omit these terms.

Answer 61

A term used to request Air Traffic Service priority handling for a medical evacuation flight, based on a medical emergency in the transport of patients, organ donors, organs or other urgently needed life-saving medical material. The term is to be used on flight plans and in radiotelephony communications if a pilot determines that a priority is required.

Answer 62

For medical evacuation flights, include the priority suffix “MEDEVAC” in all communications.

Answer 63

If a pilot requests a pushback on the apron, and traffic and workload permit, do the following: * Inform the pilot that the pushback is at the pilot’s discretion. * Provide traffic information if required. ( aircraft id ) [ traffic information ], PUSH BACK AT YOUR DISCRETION

Answer 64

Using the term STAND BY or suggesting an aircraft hold position does not stop the aircraft from pushing back. In most cases, however, the pilot will wait for further information. If unable to accommodate a pushback request due to traffic or workload, do one of the following: * Inform the pilot to stand by and provide a reason if one is available. ( aircraft id ) STAND BY [ traffic information or reason ]

Answer 65

If pushback on the apron infringes on a manoeuvering area, you may instruct the pilot to hold position. ( aircraft id ) HOLD POSITION [ traffic information or reason ] WESTJET TWO-SIX, HEAVY, HOLD POSITION, TRAFFIC AIRBUS THREE-EIGHTY TAXIING ON MIKE TAXIWAY

Answer 66

Movement of aircraft on the apron or non‑manoeuvring area is the responsibility of the pilot, the aircraft operator, or the airport operator. If workload permits, provide traffic and obstruction information to pilots of aircraft taxiing on aprons or non‑manoeuvring areas.

Answer 67

If necessary, inform a taxiing aircraft that a portion of the manoeuvring area is not visible from the tower, and if possible, provide traffic and obstruction information.

Answer 68

Do not authorize airport traffic to use an airport or any part of an airport that is closed by the Airport Operator.

Answer 69

Keep aircraft informed of pertinent airport traffic. Provide position information and traffic information to all concerned aircraft to assist them in establishing visual separation

Answer 70

Keep aircraft informed of pertinent airport traffic. Provide position information and traffic information to all concerned aircraft to assist them in establishing visual separation.

Answer 71

which are situations that occur where air traffic services are being provided, and when a preliminary investigation indicates that safety may have been jeopardized, less than minimum separation may have existed, or both.

Answer 72

which are situations that occur where actions of a pilot result in noncompliance with an ATC instruction/clearance or a violation of the Canadian Aviation Regulations.

Answer 73

which are situations that occur when a vehicle operator, a non- pilot operator of an aircraft, or a pedestrian proceed without authorization onto the protected area of a surface designated for landing or taking-off

Answer 74

Do not issue instructions that permit unrestricted movement of ground traffic on a controlled manoeuvring area, although, you may instruct ground traffic to operate on a single runway and specific taxiways. …PROCEED ONTO RUNWAY THREE-ZERO AND TAXIWAYS ALFA AND BRAVO, CROSS RUNWAY ZERO-SEVEN UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED.

Answer 75

Do not issue conditional instructions or instructions that depend on the movement of an aircraft. Examples of conditional taxi instructions NOT to be used include: …LINE UP BEHIND THE LANDING AIRCRAFT …PROCEED ACROSS RUNWAY ONE-TWO AFTER DEPARTING SEVEN-THRITY-SEVEN

Answer 76

Before assuming responsibility for any operating position: * Be able to produce your valid Aviation Document Booklet (ADB) or equivalent * Ensure that licensing and proficiency requirements are met.[1][2] * Sign in as required in unit procedures. * Read and acknowledge all mandatory information, as determined by the unit manager. * Review appropriate operational information, for example, NOTAMs, aerodrome conditions, equipment status, and weather information.

Answer 77

Do not vacate an assigned operating position unless both of the following occur: * You are relieved by a person qualified to assume responsibility for that position. * You follow unit directives for the transfer of position responsibility. A controller who relieves another controller at an operating position assumes full responsibility for the position; a controller who assists another controller does not. Vacating an Operating Position When no Replacement is Available If you are the only qualified person in the unit, you follow unit guidelines for temporarily vacating an operating position

Answer 78

When relieving another controller from an operating position: 1. If the position is equipped with an electronic log‑on system that records time preparing to accept responsibility for the control position, and time on duty in the position, log on according to unit directives. A trainee is expected to log on with the OJI and to log off when leaving the position. 2. Observe operational situations and equipment. 3. Listen to communications. 4. Observe current and pending traffic. 5. Verify the position relief checklist. 6. Correlate information. 7. Inform the controller being relieved that the position has been reviewed and request a verbal briefing. 8. Exchange all pertinent data and ask questions, as appropriate, to ensure understanding. 9. After the verbal briefing, state, or otherwise indicate clearly to the controller being relieved, that position responsibility has been transferred.

Answer 79

When being relieved from your operating position: * Provide a verbal briefing to the relieving controller using the position transfer checklist. * If the communication system permits, record the verbal briefing. * Remain with the relieving controller for monitoring purposes. During this time, reinforce the position relief briefing and help the relieving controller become familiar with the position. * When combining a position, perform the post‑relief overlap procedures at the position where the operation was combined.

Answer 80

You may assist a controller responsible for a position, provided one of the following conditions is met: * The responsible controller asks for assistance and specifies the assistance required. * You inform the responsible controller of the assistance you will be providing and receive approval

Answer 81

Record only aircraft events that are controlled by the tower or are not already recorded in another category

Answer 82

As directed in CARs, altitudes at 3000 feet AGL and below can be assigned to VFR aircraft. If necessary for separation, you may assign or suggest an altitude to a VFR aircraft to apply separation from: * A specific airspace * A specific IFR or VFR traffic flow * Other aircraft

Answer 83

In communications with pilots, identify a VFR waypoint by its full name, not by its identifier

Answer 84

An automated or manual function that matches ATS surveillance data with flight plan data

Answer 85

Assign an aircraft a discrete code in preference to a non-discrete code. This assignment preference also applies to VFR aircraft operating in a TRA. If a discrete code is not assigned by ATC: * Gliders use the non-discrete code 1202 * VFR aircraft use the following non-discrete codes: o 12500 ASL and below: 1200 o Above 12500 ASL: 1400 * IFR and CVFR aircraft use the following non-discrete codes: o HLA: 2000 o LLA: 1000 You may assign a non-discrete code to either of the following: * An aircraft that has canceled or closed its IFR flight plan and is not requesting further ATS surveillance service * A VFR aircraft for which ATS surveillance service is being terminated

Answer 86

Instruct pilots of transponder-equipped aircraft to reply to SSR interrogation by assigning the appropriate code. If required, you may assign special condition codes. SQUAWK ( four-digit code ). SQUAWK SEVEN-FIVE-ZERO-ZERO

Answer 87

When an aircraft without a serviceable transponder requests to operate in transponder airspace, respond as indicated in Requests to Operate without a Transponder

Answer 88

As required, issue a taxi departure clearance items in the following order: 1. Aircraft identification [4] 2. Unit identification [5] 3. Runway information [6] 4. Wind information [7] 5. Altimeter information [8] 6. Movement instructions [9] 7. Supplementary information, may include traffic, an SSR code, airport conditions, or RVR data 8. Communication instructions WESTJET THREE-SEVEN, RUNWAY ZERO-SIX, WIND ZERO-EIGHT-ZERO AT TEN, ALTIMETER TWO-NINER- EIGHT-FIFE, TAXI VIA ALFA…CONTACT TOWER ONE-ONEEIGHT-DECIMAL-FIVE HOLDING SHORT

Answer 89

Identify a runway by saying the word RUNWAY followed by the number using separate digits and, in the case of parallel runways, the word LEFT or RIGHT

Answer 90

: Except during rapidly changing conditions, you need not issue information included in the current ATIS broadcast, provided the pilot acknowledges receipt of the broadcast. Inform pilots of any new and pertinent information that differs from the current ATIS message.

Answer 91

Using Direct-Reading Instruments When a direct-reading instrument is available, issue the local wind direction and speed from that instrument. Using Other Sources for Wind Information When you extract wind data from the local METAR, SPECI, or automated observation, issue: * Time * Wind direction and speed ○ When issuing wind data extracted from an automated observation, you need not say AUTOMATED. When you normally use a direct-reading instrument but it is unserviceable, you must convert the wind direction that is extracted from the local METAR, SPECI, or automated observation from degrees true to degrees magnetic.

Answer 92

You may authorize a departure from an intersection, provided either of the following conditions applies: * The pilot requests it. * You inform the pilot of the runway length remaining and suggest a departure from an intersection, and the pilot accepts it. RUNWAY LENGTH REMAINING FROM INTERSECTION OF ( taxiway id ) ( number ) FEET. ARE YOU ABLE TO DEPART FROM THE INTERSECTION?

Answer 93

Do not permit aircraft to use oblique angle intersections (including taxiways or intersecting runways) to access an active runway if the departure threshold and final approach are not visible to the flight crew, except when: * There are no other routes to access the runway without having to taxi or backtrack onto an active runway * There is a non-routine situation that requires the use of oblique angle intersections because no practical alternative exists. This may include a MEDEVAC flight, a closed taxiway or a disabled aircraft or vehicles

Answer 94

Instruct a pilot to change to or monitor a new frequency as follows -(CONTACT / MONITOR)(unit id/agency) [ON] (frequency) [NOW/AT(time/location)/OVER (fix) -CHANGE TO MY FREQUENCY(frequency) -CHANGE TO ENROUTE FREQUENCY [NOW/AT (time/locations) / OVER (fix)

Answer 95

WESTJET THREE-SEVEN, RUNWAY ZERO-SIX, WIND ZERO-EIGHT-ZERO AT TEN, ALTIMETER TWO-NINER-EIGHT-FIFE, TAXI VIA ALFA…CONTACT TOWER ONE-ONEEIGHT-DECIMAL-FIVE HOLDING SHORT

Answer 96

Transfer control of an aircraft between the ground controller and the airport controller in accordance with locally developed procedures

Answer 97

Before a departing aircraft begins its take-off roll or a landing aircraft crosses the runway threshold, ensure that the runway and the RPA are free, or will be free, of all known obstacles including taxiing aircraft and ground traffic. -If the runway or a portion of the runway is not visible, ensure that known taxiing aircraft and ground traffic are not on the runway. -For an aircraft departing from an intersection, you need not advise of obstructions on the runway that are behind the intersection take‑off point.

Answer 98

If you are unable to ensure that the runway or RPA is or will be free of obstacles before a departure starts its take-off roll: * Inform the pilot that a clearance cannot be issued. * Provide the reason. * Request the pilot’s intentions. ( aircraft id ), UNABLE TAKE-OFF CLEARANCE ( runway id ), ( AIRCRAFT / VEHICLE ) INSIDE THE RUNWAY PROTECTED AREA AT ( location ). ADVISE INTENTIONS. If the pilot chooses to take off, and traffic permits: * Acknowledge the pilot's intentions and provide take-off information. * Notify the airport operator. * Complete an Aviation Occurrence Report. ( aircraft id ), ROGER [ special and wind information ].

Answer 99

For successive departures from the same runway, you may authorize the second aircraft to take off, provided that one of the following applies before the second aircraft begins its take-off roll: * The first aircraft has departed and turned to clear the departure path. (aircraft ① in Figure: Successive Departures) * The first aircraft has departed and reached a point on the departure path where it will not conflict with the second aircraft. (aircraft ② in Figure: Successive Departures)

Answer 100

When no delay is anticipated, instruct an aircraft to line up as follows: LINE UP ( runway id ) If an aircraft is authorized to enter the runway, state the entry point as indicated in the following table : AT (taxiway #) LINE UP (runway #)

Answer 101

If an aircraft is authorized to enter the departure runway from an intersection or taxiway, state the entry point. AT ( taxiway id / intersection ) BACKTRACK ( runway id ) AT ( taxiway id / intersection ) LINE UP ( runway id ) BACKTRACK APPROVED. If an aircraft must backtrack the departure runway from an intersection or taxiway, for a departure from a different intersection or taxiway, provide instructions as follows: AT ( taxiway id / intersection ) BACKTRACK ( runway id ) AND LINE UP AT ( taxiway id / intersection ). ADVISE WHEN READY.

Answer 102

A surface surveillance system used for the detection and display of aircraft, aircraft under tow, or a vehicle on or near the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome. The system must have both non-cooperative (SMR) and co-operative (MLAT, ADS-B) components allowing automatic identification of target

Answer 103

A single-sensor surface surveillance system used for the detection and display of aircraft, aircraft under tow, or vehicles on or near the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome. This system relies on the non-cooperative radar surveillance of an aerodrome by a surface movement radar (SMR). Formerly known as ASDE.

Answer 104

: If the runway has been temporarily shortened due to construction and either end of the runway is closed, include SHORTENED in the line up clearances. LINE UP ( runway id ) SHORTENED. The use of SHORTENED is not required when a pilot has accepted an intersection departure, and the part of the runway that has been shortened is behind the intersection being used for departure. The use of SHORTENED does not transfer pilot responsibility to the controller.

Answer 105

Issue a take-off clearance in the following form: ( aircraft id ) [ unit id ] ( special information ) ( control instructions ) [ wind information ] [ FROM ( intersection or threshold ) ] CLEARED ( operation ) ( runway id ) [ SHORTENED ]

Answer 106

Do not apply altitude restrictions that contravene terrain clearance requirements. Apply VFR altitude restrictions using either of the following forms: …NOT ABOVE ( altitude )… …NOT BELOW ( altitude )

Answer 107

If the wind speed is 15 knots or more, issue the direction and speed

Answer 108

An expression used by ATC to indicate that the pilot is expected to taxi onto the runway and take off in one continuous movement. Also called: rolling takeoff

Answer 109

When issuing an immediate take-off clearance: * Consider the aircraft operating characteristics and the effect that precipitation and surface conditions may have on the pilot’s ability to comply. * If able, determine if the pilot can comply ARE YOU ABLE AN IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE? If pilot is able, then: CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF ( runway id ). or: LINE UP [ location, if not the threshold ], BE READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE. * If you have not determined that the pilot can comply, include alternate instructions. CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF ( runway id ). IF UNABLE, HOLD SHORT ( runway id )

Answer 110

If circumstances require, cancel a previously issued take-off clearance and, when appropriate, inform the pilot of the reason. Clearance cancelled Before roll: (aircraft id), TAKE-OFF CLEARANCE CANCELLED [reason] Clearance cancelled After roll: (aircraft id), ABORT ABORT, (aircraft id) ABORT ABORT, [reason] Aborting a Takeoff Aborting a takeoff is an emergency procedure used when continuing would present a grave hazard to the aircraft. A controller‑initiated aborted takeoff is an extreme measure used only where no clear alternative exists

Answer 111

All methods of remotely sensing aircraft using certified/commissioned electronic equipment including PSR, SSR, MLAT, ADS-B, without the benefit of visual observation.

Answer 112

Display and monitor: * Unlinked targets * CJSs (Controller Jurisdiction Symbol: Symbol that identifies a sector) * Coast list in a full format showing all pertinent information (to enable prompt detection of newly de-linked aircraft) Controllers remove flight plans from this list only if the system does not perform this function automatically. * Altitude readouts (mode C) * Current weather data and history, as necessary, for the provision of severe weather information * VMI * Appropriate geographic map * Other features of the system may be used at your discretion

Answer 113

Advice and information based on ATS surveillance observations

Answer 114

The use of ATS surveillance for providing aircraft with information and advice relative to significant deviations from their normal flight path The use of ATS surveillance for providing aircraft with information and advice relative to significant deviations from their normal flight path : Unless specifically prohibited, use ATS surveillance to provide navigation assistance if a pilot requests it. If a VFR aircraft outside the control zone or TRA requests navigational assistance, you may identify the aircraft and provide position information relative to the airport or other location. ( number ) MILES ( direction ) OF ( fix )

Answer 115

Spacing of aircraft in accordance with established minima, based on information derived from ATS surveillance

Answer 116

An air traffic control service provided with information derived from ATS surveillance equipment sources

Answer 117

A receiver and transmitter that generates a reply signal upon proper interrogation, the interrogation and reply being on different frequencies. The SSR receivertransmitter installed in an aircraft

Answer 118

A type of transponder with altitude-encoding capability.

Answer 119

Handoff: The process of transferring the identification of an aircraft and radio communications for that aircraft to another sector or unit Pont-out/ Point out: The process of transferring the identification of an aircraft to another sector or unit without transferring communications or control of the aircraft Altitude Readouts: Validate altitude readouts by comparing the readout value with the altitude reported by the pilot, at either of the following times: * On initial contact * As soon as feasible, if the readout is not displayed or cannot be validated on initial contact REPORT [ YOUR ] ALTITUDE. SAY [ YOUR ] ALTITUDE. CONFIRM [ AT ] ( altitude ) ATS Surveillance Service Termination: If ATS surveillance service cannot be provided or is terminated, inform the pilot. SURVEILLANCE SERVICE TERMINATED [ instructions to intercept the cleared route ] UNABLE TO PROVIDE SURVEILLANCE SERVICE ( reason ). SURVEILLANCE SERVICE TERMINATED. If ATS surveillance service is terminated after an approach clearance is issued, or after the pilot cancels IFR, you do not need to inform the pilot. Code Assignment: You may assign a non-discrete code to either of the following: * An aircraft that has canceled or closed its IFR flight plan and is not requesting further ATS surveillance service * A VFR aircraft for which ATS surveillance service is being terminated Communication Transfer: Release the aircraft from tower frequency without specifying another frequency in any of the following situations: * A VFR aircraft is leaving the control zone

Answer 120

You may limit the number of aircraft to a number that you can control safely and efficiently by: * Instructing aircraft to hold on the ground or in the air * Coordinating with an adjacent unit to manage aircraft entering your area of responsibility If workload prevents you from providing control service in Class C or Class D airspace, instruct the pilot of the VFR aircraft to remain outside the airspace until the service can be provided. GOLF ALFA BRAVO CHARLIE, DUE TRAFFIC, REMAIN OUTSIDE THE CONTROL ZONE UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED

Answer 121

A specified geographical location, defined by longitude and latitude, that is used in the definition of routes and terminal segments and for progress reporting purposes

Answer 122

In communications with pilots, identify a VFR waypoint by its full name, not by its identifier

Answer 123

Issue landing information to arriving aircraft on initial contact or as soon as the circumstances permit.

Answer 124

Issue clearances and instructions as necessary to maintain a safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of traffic under the control of your unit.

Answer 125

An aircraft cleared to the circuit will join on the downwind leg, unless otherwise Instructed

Answer 126

Before a departing aircraft begins its take-off roll or a landing aircraft crosses the runway threshold, ensure that the runway and the RPA are free, or will be free, of all known obstacles including taxiing aircraft and ground traffic.

Answer 127

For successive arrivals on the same runway, you may authorize the second aircraft to land, provided that one of the following applies before the second aircraft crosses the landing threshold: * The first aircraft has landed and taxied off the runway. (Figure: Arrival Leaves Runway before Second Arrival) * The first aircraft has landed or is over the landing runway, and the following conditions apply: o The first aircraft is at a sufficient distance from the threshold to allow the second aircraft to safely complete its landing roll. o The first aircraft will taxi off the runway without stopping or backtracking. o The pilot of the second aircraft has been advised of the first aircraft’s position and intentions.

Answer 128

For successive arrivals on the same runway, you may authorize the second aircraft to land, provided that one of the following applies before the second aircraft crosses the landing threshold: * The first aircraft has landed and taxied off the runway

Answer 129

The first aircraft has landed or is over the landing runway, and the following conditions apply: ◦ The first aircraft is at a sufficient distance from the threshold to allow the second aircraft to safely complete its landing roll.[2] (Figure: Arrival Still on Runway before Second Arrival) ◦ The first aircraft will taxi off the runway without stopping or backtracking. ◦ The pilot of the second aircraft has been advised of the first aircraft’s

Answer 130

When an aircraft arrives before a departure on the same runway, ensure that the arriving aircraft has landed and taxied off the runway, or that it will vacate the runway before the departing aircraft begins its take-off roll. You may permit an arrival behind a departure on the same runway provided that, before the arrival crosses the landing threshold, the departing aircraft is airborne and meets one of the following conditions: * It is at a distance from the threshold such that the arriving aircraft will not overtake it during the landing roll, or conflict with it in the event of a missed approach. * It has turned to avoid any conflict with the arriving aircraft in the event of a missed approach.

Answer 131

Before issuing a landing clearance to an arriving aircraft, confirm the intentions with the pilot of a departing aircraft when all of the following apply: * The departing aircraft is using the same runway as an arriving aircraft. * A takeoff clearance has been issued to the pilot of the departing aircraft. * No verbal communications have been received from the pilot of the departing aircraft. * No movement is observed from the departing aircraft Unable to Issue Landing Clearance Due to Obstacles: If you are unable to ensure that the runway or RPA is or will be free of obstacles, taxiing aircraft, and ground traffic before an arrival crosses the threshold * Inform the pilot that a clearance cannot be issued * Provide the reason * Request the pilot’s intentions ( aircraft id ), UNABLE LANDING CLEARANCE ( runway id ), ( AIRCRAFT / VEHICLE ) INSIDE THE RUNWAY PROTECTED AREA AT ( location ). ADVISE INTENTIONS If the pilot chooses to land, and traffic permits: * Acknowledge the pilot's intentions and provide landing information * Notify the airport operator * Complete an Aviation Occurrence Report. ( aircraft id ), ROGER [ special instructions ] [ wind information ]

Answer 132

Without waiting for a request from the pilot, issue a landing clearance when you are sure that the required runway separation will exist and either of the following conditions applies * You are satisfied that the aircraft is on approach to the correct runway. * The aircraft is doing an overhead break, and has not yet turned final. Landing Clearance Format: Issue a landing clearance in the following form: ( aircraft id ) [ unit id ] ( special information ) ( control instructions ) [ wind information ] CLEARED ( operation ) ( runway id ) [ SHORTENED ]

Answer 133

To avoid lengthy time on the runway or to avoid a long taxi, a pilot may request a long landing to touch down closer to their desired runway exit. Controllers may approve a long landing only if: * The pilot requested a long landing * Traffic permits

Answer 134

If the wind speed is 15 knots or more, issue the wind information when the aircraft is approximately 2 miles from the runway. If traffic prevents you from giving wind information to individual aircraft, broadcast this information periodically for the benefit of all aircraft on final approach

Answer 135

You may authorize taxiing aircraft or ground traffic to cross the landing runway after a landing clearance has been issued, provided you:[3] * Ensure that the intended runway and the RPA are free of all known obstacles, including taxiing aircraft and ground traffic, before the landing aircraft crosses the runway threshold. * Gain an operational advantage * Follow instructions found in Coordination Between a Ground Controller and an Airport Controller. * Consider: ◦ The type and performance of taxiing aircraft, ground traffic, and airborne traffic ◦ Runway conditions ◦ Other factors that may have an impact on the operation, for example, the crossing point, the weather or visibility, night operations, and the requested crossing activity (e.g., towing, runway check) ◦ If the activity warrants the landing aircraft’s attention, advise the incoming pilot of the location and type of crossing traffic. (aircraft id) (type of traffic) CROSSING AT (location)

Answer 136

If it appears that an obstruction on or near the runway may cause a risk and there is time for the situation to resolve prior to the landing aircraft crossing the threshold, instruct the pilot to continue approach but be prepared for a possible pullup. CONTINUE APPROACH, POSSIBLE PULLUP

Answer 137

If the runway is obstructed and it appears that it will not be clear prior to the landing aircraft crosses the threshold, even if a landing clearance has already been issued, instruct the pilot to pull up. PULL UP AND GO AROUND, ( reason ). WESTJET FOUR-FIVE-SIX, PULL UP AND GO AROUND, VEHICLE ON THE RUNWAY

Answer 138

Unless you issue alternate missed approach instructions, pilots of VFR aircraft are expected to overfly the runway while climbing to traffic pattern altitude and enter the traffic pattern on the crosswind leg.

Answer 139

If a landing clearance has been issued and you cannot ensure that the runway and the RPA are free, or will be free, of all known obstacles, including taxiing aircraft and ground traffic, cancel the clearance. ( aircraft id ), LANDING CLEARANCE CANCELLED, ( AIRCRAFT / VEHICLE ) INSIDE THE RUNWAY PROTECTED AREA AT ( location ), ADVISE INTENTIONS

Answer 140

Issue instructions for an aircraft to exit the runway in the following form: (aircraft id) [unit id) (movement instructions) ( communication instructions)

Answer 141

Canada: Meteorological conditions, expressed in terms of visibility and distance from cloud, equal to or greater than the minima specified in CAR 602 * ICAO and US: Meteorological conditions, expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than the minim

Answer 142

A means used by controllers to separate aircraft operating in visual meteorological conditions * VFR: The controller, having determined that a potential conflict exists, issues clearances, instructions and/or information as necessary to aid aircraft in establishing visual contact with each other or to assist aircraft in avoiding other aircraft. * IFR or CVFR: Following a pilot's report that the traffic is in sight, the controller issues the clearance and instructs the pilot to provide his or her own separation by manoeuvring the aircraft as necessary to avoid or follow the traffic

Answer 143

Aircraft are considered visually separated when one of the following applies: * You can see the aircraft and no conflict exists. * At least one pilot reports sighting traffic. (aircraft id) [sequence] FOLLOW THE (aircraft type) (aircraft id) PASS BEHIND THE (aircraft type) AND PROCEED ON COURSE HOTEL NOVEMBER OSCAR, NUMBER TWO. FOLLOW THE CARAVAN

Answer 144

VFR aircraft are considered separated when they have reported over separate, clearly defined geographical points and their intended routes of flight will notconflict thereafter

Answer 145

Do not apply altitude restrictions that contravene terrain clearance requirements. Apply VFR altitude restrictions using either of the following forms: …NOT ABOVE ( altitude )… …NOT BELOW ( altitude )… Promptly cancel restrictions issued to VFR aircraft, if they are no longer required or visual separation has been achieved. ( aircraft id ) ALTITUDE RESTRICTION IS CANCELLED MAINTAIN VISUAL SEPARATION FROM ( aircraft type )

Answer 146

When a pilot reports at the limit of the aircraft’s initial clearance, issue a further clearance as follows: * Aircraft identification * Sequence number * Traffic information Includes information such as position, type, and, if significant, the color of the aircraft to follow, if not number one on approach. * Control instructions

Answer 147

The typical instruction for establishing visual separation in the circuit is FOLLOW (not ‘following’) …FOLLOW CESSNA ONE-SEVEN-TWO, ON RIGHT BASE…

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