🧊 Matter Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is meant by the density of a substance, and what is its unit?
Density is mass per unit volume, measured in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³).
Describe how you could measure the density of an irregular object.
Measure its mass with a balance, then submerge it in water in a Eureka can to find its volume by displacement. Use: density = mass ÷ volume.
What happens to internal energy during a change of state?
Internal energy increases, but the temperature stays constant as energy is used to break bonds between particles.
What is specific heat capacity?
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
What is specific latent heat?
The energy needed to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without changing its temperature.
How does particle motion change as temperature increases?
Particles move faster, increasing kinetic energy and pressure (if in a gas).
What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?
Boiling happens throughout the liquid at a fixed temperature; evaporation occurs at the surface and at any temperature.
How does pressure of a gas change when the volume is reduced (at constant temperature)?
Pressure increases because particles collide with container walls more frequently.
Explain how temperature relates to the kinetic energy of particles in a gas.
Higher temperature means higher average kinetic energy of particles.
What happens to internal energy if a gas is compressed quickly?
Internal energy increases because work is done on the gas.
