MCP Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
The Medullo-lymphatic Hematopoietic phase last until about ___ years
A
30
2
Q
Propeptides
A
help faster assembly of proteins; then CLEAVED
3
Q
Uncompetitive inhibitor effect on Apparent Km
A
Km/a’; similarly the apparent KM goes down because since the Velocity drops, you’ll have less product at half the velocity
4
Q
Alpha Enzyme Coefficient Equation
A
a=1+[Inhibitor]/Km(of inhibitor)
5
Q
Sugars are designated either ___ or ___ based upon the configuration of the chrial carbon furthest from the carbonyl
A
D, L
6
Q
What specificity and color are Neutrophil’s granules that contain: Lactoferrin, NADPH oxidase, Lysozyme, B12, Binding protein, and Alkaline phophatase?
A
Specific, Salmon Pink
7
Q
Cholesterol has a polar head. (True or False)
A
True, it has a hydroxyl group on the 3’ spot of its heaxane ring
8
Q
___ is the sphingolipid with phosphocholine
A
Spingomyelin
9
Q
The Primordial Hematopoietic phase lasts until ___ months
A
3
10
Q
Transition State Analogues
A
Substance that are similar to the Transition state of a given reaction, but don’t actually produce any products so they make excellent INHIBITORS
11
Q
Triple Collagen Helix is called___
A
Tropocollagen
12
Q
Holoenzyme
A
An Enzyme with all of its subunits, cofactors etc.
13
Q
The Primordial erythroblasts form in the ___
A
Yolk Sac
14
Q
The Hematopoietic comparment consists of two structures
A
- Stroma
2. Hematopoietic cells
15
Q
Sphingolipids with glucose are known as either ___ or ___
A
Glycolipids or Glucosylcebrosides
16
Q
Coenzyme
A
Organic molecule that helps enzyme, easily taken away from the enzyme
17
Q
What key characteristic happens at the pka?
A
The concentration of the proton donor equal the concentration of the proton acceptor.
18
Q
Spectrin and Actin are two main protein in the membrane of ___
A
Erythrocytes, The membrane lattice is attached by Ankyrin to the membrane
19
Q
__ is the sphingolipid with just a hydrogen as the R group
A
Ceramide
20
Q
Reticulocytes can be visually idenified by
A
brillian cresyl blue, because there’s residual rRNA
21
Q
Glycogen consists of ___ and ___ bonds
A
a1-4, a1-6
22
Q
Cofactor
A
Inorganic Molecule that helps enzymes (e.g. metal ions)
23
Q
Delta G
A
Change in free energy between products and reactants, negative means spontaneous
24
Q
Gangliosides have ___ as their side groups
A
Complex oligosaccharides such NANA
25
Why are neutrophils also known as Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes?
Because the nucleus may consist of 2-5 lobes.
26
Myoglobin has a much ___ affinity for oxygen compared to Hemoglobin
Higher
27
In Granulopoiesis the ____ phase of cells is the last mitotic one
Myelocyte, Also last phase where the nucleus is still ROUND.
28
Michaelis-Menten
Vo=(Vmax*[S])/(Km + [S])
29
Uncompetitive inhibitor effect on Vmax
Vmax/a', The Vmax is going down, because velocity is defined as the amount of product being generated per unit time; therefore Since the inhibitor binds to the ES complex, less product is made
30
E
Glu Glutamic Acid
31
The last Erythropoietic Cells to undergo Mitosis are the ____ Erythroblasts
Polychromatophilic
32
The T-state in hemoglobin has a ___ affinity for oxygen
low
33
W
Trp Tryptophan
34
Which WBC contains Histamine, proteases, and heparin in specific granules?
Basophils.
35
Fibrin vs fibrinogen
Platelets quickly stick with fibronegen, but it's weak. Fibrin is insoluble and strong (Thrombin initiates this conversion)
36
Prepeptides
A Signal Sequence that helps molecules travel to the right places, but is then cleaved out
37
Red bone marrow has 3 structural components
1. Bone
2. Vasculature
3. Hematopoietic Slot
38
What happens to the pH if the A:HA ratio is greater than 1?
The pH wil be higher than the pKa of the solution.
39
Competitive Inhibitor effect on Vmax
Nothing
40
Pneumonic to remember Granulocytic development?
My Blast sets up PROfessional and MY sights for the META BAND.
(bomb pro sights band)
41
O-linked Oligosaccharies are mainly linked to the aa's __ and __ or technicially any aa with an OH group.
S, T, Serine & Threonine. ONLY occurs in the Golgi, is based only on Confomotional mods, and does NOT have a common core!
42
Color and Function of Eosinophils Non-specific granules?
Azurophilic; attack and kill parasites, Clean up antigen-antibody complexes AND inflammatory chemicals.
43
Three steps for Bicarbonate system?
CO2(g)-->CO2(d)+H2O-->H2CO3-->H+ + HCO3
44
BronstEd Acid
Electron Donor
45
D
Asp Aspartic Acid
46
Things that cause a Right-Shift (towards the T-state) in hemoglobin dissociation curve
CO2, H+, 2,3 BPG, Exercise, Temperature
47
Maximal Velocity
Product of K2 and total concentration of enzyme:
| K2*[Et}
48
MyeloBLAST-->__ and __ cytes-->Metamyelocyte--->___-->Mature
Pro, Myelo, Band
49
N
Asn Asparagine
50
Q
Gln Glutamine
51
The reducing end is found at the ____
Anomeric Carbon
52
P
Pro Proline
53
N-linked Oligosaccharides are CO-TRANSLATIONALLY attached the Four letter sequence_____ in the RER and then is sent to the golgi for even more modification
N-X-S/T, or Asn-(Any aa except proline)-Ser/Thr
54
Glycosidic bonds fixes the configuration because
The ring can't undergo mutarotation anymore
55
Methylation ___ the chance of DNA transcription
Decreases
56
Proteoglycans vs Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans have way more sugars and include at least one SUPER negatively charged Glycosamnoglycan.
57
T
Thr Threonine
58
Allosteric Regulation
molecules that regulate NOT at the active site, but a the regulatory site
59
A backbone compound with fatty acids bonded with an amide bond
Sphingosine
60
Mixed Inhibitor on Vmax and Km
Vmax/a' and alpha*Km/a'; The relative effects completely depend on Alpha (affinity to Enzyme) or Alpha prime (affinity to ES complex)
61
Three things lymphocytes can do that other WBCs can't?
1. Re-enter blood
2. Divide
3. Survive for a long time.
62
What are the two Eosinophil matrixes where Specific Granlues are found?
The Externum contains peroxidase
| The Internum has Major basic protein AND Eosinophil Cationic Protein (most powerful)
63
Platelet Outer light-bluish staining area containing actin-myosin and marginal bundle of microtubules which help maintain its ovoid shape - actin is the most abundant protein
Hyalomere
64
F
Phe Phenylalanine
65
L
Leu Leucine
66
The Promyelocyte makes non-specific granules that are what color?
Azurophilic
67
Enzyme efficiency
Kcat/KM
68
Tropocollagen moleculaes that are covalently cross-linked form____
Collagen Fibrils
69
Turnover Number kcat
The number of times an enzyme completes a rxn and is availabe again/per unit time.
Vmax/[E]total
70
The Myelocytes make specific granules that are what color?
Salmon-pink
71
During Erythrocyte development, the Nucleus gets ejected from the ____Blast
Normo
72
The Stem cell that gives rise to all other in Hematopoiesis
Hemocytoblast
73
Pneumonic to remember the stages of Erythropoiesis
BeeP ON, MR. E
- Baso
- Polychroma
- Ortho/Normo
- Marrow -Reticulo
- Reticulocyte
- Erythrocyte
74
I
Ile Isoleucine
75
____ is composed of D-glucoronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine with repeated B1-3 and B1-4 glycosidic bonds.
Hyaluronate (Connective tissue/Synovial Fluid)
76
Molarity of water to determine ion product
55.5M
77
Eosinophils have how many nuclear lobes?
Two, it's Bilobed!, Say PEACE OUT to Parasites
78
___ are the most abundant lipid found in biological membranes.
Glycerophospholipids
79
S
Ser Serine
80
R
Arg Arginine
81
What organelles do platelets have?
Er' thang except Nucleus.
82
Red Marrow Vs Yellow Marrow
Red marrow is active and found in young tissue, whereas Yellow is inactive and found in older parts.
83
Prosthetic Group
Group that's really attached to enzyme
84
Activation Energy
free energy from products to the Transition-state.
85
Bone Stromal Cels
Release growth factors to promote development.; like fibroblasts
86
The ____blast has no cytoplasmic granules (granulopoiesis)
Myeloblast
87
___ is the most heavily sulfated glycosaminoglycan composed of iduronic acid and glucosamine in a1-4 bond.
Heparin (anti-coagulant)
88
____ and ____ are the two most common amino acids found in Beta turns
Glycine and Proline. Glycine is small and easily bent. Proline is rigid, but it just about the only one that is found in the cis conformation, so it'll help create a turn.
89
BonstEd Base
Electron Acceptor
90
Henderson Hasselbach
pH=pka+log(A/HA)
91
Cooperativity
The compounded effect on adding substrates of either the same type (homotropic) or different type (heterotropic). The effect can be either positive or negative
92
A
Ala Alanine
93
The cross-linking between collagen fibrils is completely dependent on the enzyme____
Lysyl Oxidase
94
Apoenzyme
An enzyme that's missing some of its subunits
95
Von Willebrand's Factor
Chemical that mediates Platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen.
96
The Liver and Spleen Hematopoietic phase lasts until ___ Months
9
97
G
Gly Glycine
98
Reticulocytes are early stage ___
erythrocytes
99
K
Lys Lysine
100
Fatty Acyl/Isoprenoid Lipid anchors tie the protein to the ___ of the cell, while Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors tie the protein to the ___ of the cell.
Inside, Outside
101
M
Met Methionine
102
Facilitated Diffusion
Is passive transport, but uses a protein to help the solute go from high to low concenteration.
103
____ are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units
Glycosaminoglycans
104
The Axial Skeleton Hematopoietic phase last until ___ years
60
105
C
Cys Cysteine
106
An Fe2+ group can make ____ bonds, ___ with Globin ___ with Histadine in an alphahelix and ___ with Oxygen
6, 4, 1, 1
107
What are the oxygen dependent/independent methods that neutrophils kill microbes?
Oxy-Radicals
| Non-Oxy-Proton pump and makes super acidic phagosomes.
108
When naming carbs, you start at the ____ end and work towards the___
non-reducing, reducing
109
When proline is added to an Alpha helix, it becomes______
destablized
110
Specificity and color of neutrophil's granules that contain: Myeloperoxidase, defensins, bacterial perm increasing protein, acid hydrolases, and proteolytic enzymes with peroxidase?
Non-specific, Reddish purple. (Large and Dense)
111
Erythropoietion (EPO) is produced by the ___
Kidney, in the Renal interstitial peritubular cells which detect low blood oxygen levels
112
V
Val Valine
113
H
His Histidine
114
Supervital Stains such as Cresyl Blue stain what in newly formed Erythrocytes?
Remnants of RNA
115
inner (central) purple area of platelet with granules
Granulomere
116
Three layers and percentages of blood.
Plasma-55%
RBC-40-50%
WBC/Platelets-1% (middle layer)
117
Acetylation ___ the chance of DNA transcription
Increases
118
```
Colors of:
Basophilic
Azurophilic
Eosinophilic
Neutrophilic
```
Baso/Blue
Azur/Purple
Eosin/Orng
Neutro/Pink
119
Competitive Inhibitor effect on Km
Alpha*Km (goes up by alpha), More substrate is needed to get desired effect since it needs to overcome the competitive inhibition
120
Alpha helixes have about (round up) _____ residues per turn.
Four
121
Y
Tyr Tyrosine
122
Hematocrit
Volume of blood occupied by erythrocytes.
