Measles, mumps, rubella Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Measles, mumps, rubella Deck (15)
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1
Q

Mumps Virus

  1. acute or chronic?
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. What organs can be affected?
  4. Transmission
A
  1. acute
  2. Inoculation of respiratory tract –> local replication –> Viremia –> systemic infection
  3. Parotid gland, Testes, Ovaries, peripheral nerves, eye, inner ear, central nervous system, pancreas (assoc w/ onset of juvenile diabetes)
  4. Respiratory Droplets
2
Q

Where does the virus infect the parotid gland and what happens?

A

ductal epithelial cells

local inflammation causes marked swelling (may be uni/bilateral)

3
Q
  1. When are you infectious with mumps?

2. What is a notable consequence of infection? How common?

A
  1. Can have virus in mouth/urine before symptoms begin

2. small subset of pts get meningoencephalitis and virus present in CSF

4
Q
Mumps Pathogenesis (3)
4. What is essential for control of infection?
A
  1. Infects epithelial cells of respiratory tract
  2. spreads systemically by viremia
  3. systemic infection, especially of parotid gland, testes, and CNS
  4. Cell-mediated immunity, responsible for some symptoms; Ab not sufficient due to its ability to spread cell to cell
5
Q

Mumps

  1. Clinical Diagnosis
  2. Lab Diagnosis
A
  1. acute onset of unilateral or bilateral swelling of parotid or salivary gland lasting >2 days w/o other apparent cause
  2. isolation of virus; significant increase in IgG Ab level between acute and convalescent samples; positive serologic test for mumps IgM antibody
6
Q

Mumps Vaccine

  1. Composition
  2. Duration of Immunity
  3. Dose
A
  1. Live-attenuated virus
  2. Lifelong
  3. 1; should be administered with MMR
7
Q

Measles

  1. Symptoms (4)
  2. Target Organs
  3. 3 C’s and a K
  4. Major complication
  5. Transmission
A
  1. Mild Respiratory infection; Spread to cervical lymph nodes; Viremia, Fever and Rash (maculopapular)
  2. Skin, CNS (rarely)
  3. Coryza, cough, conjunctivits, Kopli’s spots
  4. encephalitis
  5. respiratory droplets (sneezing, coughing); is extremely infectious
8
Q

Measles

  1. Kopli’s spots
  2. When does cough occur?
A
  1. transient spots on skin or mucous membranes that look like large grains of salt
  2. cough precedes the rash
9
Q

Measle vaccine

  1. What is a common source of US outbreaks?
  2. How is it commonly administered?
  3. Type of vaccine?
A
  1. adopted children brought into the US from orphanages
  2. with the MMR,
  3. live attenuated vaccine
10
Q

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

  1. What is it?
  2. Mortality rate?
  3. When does it occur?
  4. What increases risk of SSPE?
A
  1. scarring and demyelination of many areas of the brain, causing mental deterioration; occurs mostly in children following natural measles infection
  2. almost 100%
  3. mostly in children, follows natural measles infection and a long incubation period (months to years)
  4. infection in young child
11
Q

Mumps and Measles

  1. family of viruses?
  2. genome
  3. why are they vaccinated?
A
  1. Paramyxoviridae
  2. negative strand RNA
  3. viremia causes an intense natural immune response
12
Q

Rubella (German Measles)

  1. Symptoms
  2. genome/ envelope/ family
  3. When is pt infectious?
  4. Lab Dx
  5. Why is rubella a problem?
A
  1. URTI, maculopapular rash; mild disease
    • strand RNA/ has envelope/ togavirus
  2. before and after rash appears
  3. Isolation from clinical specimen; rise in IgG by any standard serologic assay; positive serologic test for rubella IgM
  4. congenital Rubella syndrome
13
Q

Rubella

  1. Transmission
  2. number of serotypes
A
  1. aerosol (cough); highly contagious

2. 1

14
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

  1. Who does it infect?
  2. When?
  3. Manifestations (2)
A
  1. if it infects pregnant women, can infect fetus –> CRS
  2. usually in first trimester
  3. Severe- Spontaneous Abortions and Stillbirths
    Mild, Chronic- Congenital Rubella Syndrome
15
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

  1. Symptoms
  2. What role does vaccine play?
A
  1. Deafness, Cataracts, heart defects, microcephaly, mental retardation, bone alterations, liver and spleen damage
  2. high coverage rates with MMR = low incidence of CRS