Measurement of neurophysiology Flashcards by Bethan Williams

Number of electrodes used in standard EEG

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Procedures that are used to elicit abnormalities in EEG

Hyperventilation
Strobe lighting
Sleep deprivation

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Frequency of beta waves in EEG

13-30Hz

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Frequency of alpha waves in EEG

8-13Hz

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Frequency of theta waves in EEG

4-8Hz

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Frequency of delta waves in EEG

<4Hz

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Frequency of Mu waves in EEG

7-11Hz

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Waves described as fast waves in EEG

Beta

Alpha

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Waves described as slow waves in EEG

Theta

Delta

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Wave seen at the frontal, central position on a normal waking EEG when busy or concentrating

Beta

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Most common wave seen in awake but eyes closed, relaxing EEG

Alpha

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Wave prominent in sleep in EEG

Theta

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Wave prominent in deep sleep in EEG

Delta

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Factors that cause alpha waves to disappear in EEG

Anxiety
Eyes opening
Arousal
Focused attention

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EEG wave which is suggestive of pathology if seen in large amounts during waking

Theta

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EEG wave which is suggestive of pathology if seen at all in waking EEG

Delta

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Characteristics of Mu waves in EEG

Related to motor activity
Arch like waves
Caused by movement of the contralateral side

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Characteristics of Lambda waves on EEG

Single, occipital, triangular, sharp wave

Produced by visual scanning e.g. reading a line of text

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Characteristics of normal EEG in newborns

Dominant delta and theta waves

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Characteristics of normal EEG in babies

Irregular medium to high frequency delta waves

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Characteristics of normal EEG in early childhood

Posterior alpha waves developing

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Age at which a child’s EEG becomes similar to an adult’s

12-14

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Characteristic EEG in absence seizures

Regular 3Hz waves

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Characteristic EEG in Alzheimer’s dementia

Increase in lower frequency waves

Rarely normal in advanced Alzheimer’s dementia

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Characteristic EEG in Angelman's syndrome

Long runs of 2-3Hz frontal activity with epileptiform discharges Occipital 4-6Hz occipital activity on eye closure by the age of 12

Characteristic EEG in ADHD

Spike or spike and wave pattern in 60%

Characteristic EEG in borderline personality disorder

Spikes in 25% of patients

Characteristic EEG in CJD

1-2Hz sharp waves every 1-2 seconds in 90% of patients with sporadic CJD Less often seen in familial CJD Not seen in variant CJD

Characteristic EEG in subdural haematoma

Focal delta slowing

Characteristic EEG in herpes simplex encephalitis

Episodic discharges every 1-3 seconds over temporal areas

Characteristic EEG in Huntington's disease

Initially loss of alpha waves | Later flattened wave

Characteristic EEG in infantile spasms

Hypsarrhythmia - diffuse giant waves with a chaotic background

Characteristic EEG in infectious disorders

Diffuse, synchronous high voltage slowing

Characteristic EEG in metabolic or endocrine disorders

Diffused generalised slowing

Characteristic EEG in hepatic encephalopathy

Triphasic waves | Widespread slowing

Characteristic EEG in neurosyphilis

General increase in slow waves

Characteristic EEG in seizures

Generalised, hemispheric, or focal spike or spike/wave discharge

Characteristic EEG in stroke

Delta activity

Characteristic EEG in structural lesions

Focal slowing or focal spike

Most common EEG abonrmality

Diffuse slowing

Effect of antipsychotics on EEG

Slowing of beta Increase in alpha, theta and delta Mild instability of waveforms

Effect of antidepressants on EEG

Slowing of beta | Increase in alpha, theta, delta

Effect of lithium on EEG

Slowing of alpha

Effect anticonvulsants on EEG

No effect

Effect of barbiturates on EEG

Increased beta activity

Effect of barbiturate withdrawal on EEG

Generalised paroxysmal activity | Spikes

Effect of benzodiazepines on EEG

Increased beta | Decreased alpha

Effect of benzodiazepine overdose on EEG

Suppressed rhythm | Excess fast waves/beta waves

Effect of opiates on EEG

Decreased alpha | Increased voltage of theta and delta

Effect of opiate overdose on EEG

Slow waves

Effect of alcohol intoxication on EEG

Increased alpha activity | Increased theta activity

Effect of alcohol withdrawal on EEG

Increased beta

Characteristic EEG in delirium

Slow waves

Characteristic EEG in delirium tremens

Beta activity

Effect of marijuana on EEG

Increased alpha in frontal area | Overall slow alpha activity

Effect of cocaine on EEG

Increased alpha activity in frontal area | Overall slow alpha activity

Effect of nicotine on EEG

Increased alpha

Effect of nicotine withdrawal on EEG

Decrease in alpha activiy

Effect of caffeine withdrawal on EEG

Increase in amplitude of theta waves

Measurement technique used to measure the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Age at which EEG changes are seen in Angelman's syndrome

Characteristic EEG in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Bilateral symmetrical polyphasic sharp wave and slow wave complexes every 4-15 seconds

EEG seen immediately after ECT treatment

Delta and theta excess

Time after ECT treatment for EEG to return to normal

3 months

Percentage of healthy individuals who show EEG abnormalities

10-15%

Percentage of epileptic patients who show normal EEG between seizures

30-50%

Characteristic EEG in atypical absence seizures

<2.5Hz generalised spike and wave

Characteristic EEG in focal seizures

Focal spikes

Characteristic EEG in myoclonic seizures

3-6Hz polyspike and wave discharge

Characteristic EEG in generalised tonic clonic seizures

Generalised fast rhythmic spikes in tonic phase | Burst of spikes and slow waves in clonic phase

Characteristic post ictal EEG

Irregular slow activity

Characteristic EEG in atonic seizures

Generalised spike and wave | Slow waves during atonia

Frequency of gamma waves

30-100Hz

Wave seen normally in advanced meditators

Gamma

Changes in EEG seen in variant CJD

No typical changes

EEG findings in normal aging

Diffuse or focal slowing | If focal most often present in the left temporal region

Alternative name for sleep spindles

Sigma waves

Stage of sleep sigma waves occur in

Stage II

Disease characterised by loss of sigma waves

Familial fatal insomnia

Area of the brain where sigma waves are generated

Thalamus

Effect of lithium toxicity on EEG

Generalised slowing with triphasic waves

EEG wave most suggestive of a SOL in the brain

Delta waves

Characteristic EEG in HIV infection

Diffuse slowing

EEG seen in frontotemporal dementia

Usually normal

Area of the brain where alpha waves are most frequently seen

Occipital regions

Measurement of neurophysiology Flashcards

(85 cards)