Cell types in the nervous system

Question 1

Number of layers in the majority of the cerebrum

Answer 1

6

Question 2

Name of layer 1 of the neocortex

Answer 2

Molecular/agranular

Question 3

Name of layer 2 of the neocortex

Answer 3

External granular layer

Question 4

Name of layer 3 of the neocortex

Answer 4

External pyramidal layer

Question 5

Name of layer 4 of the neocortex

Answer 5

Internal granular layer

Question 6

Name of layer 5 of the neocortex

Answer 6

Internal pyramidal layer

Question 7

Name of layer 6 of the neocortex

Answer 7

Multiform layer

Question 8

Cells found in layer 1 (the molecular/agranular layer)

Answer 8

No major neuronal cell bodies
Glial cells
Dendrites from neurons of lower layers
Horizontal cells of Cajal

Question 9

Cells found in layer 2 (the external granular layer)

Answer 9

Granule cells

Small pyramidal cells

Question 10

Cells found in layer 3 (the external pyramidal layer)

Answer 10

Small and medium pyramidal cells

Question 11

Cells found in layer 4 (the internal granular layer)

Answer 11

Stellate cells

Some pyramidal cells

Question 12

Cells found in layer 5 (the internal pyramidal layer)

Answer 12

The largest pyramidal cells

Betz cells

Question 13

Cells found in layer 6 (the multiform layer)

Answer 13

Mixture of all cells
Corticothalamic fibres
Association/commissural/projection fibres

Question 14

Number of layers in the cerebellar cortex

Answer 14

3

Question 15

The three layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 15

Molecular layer
Purkinje layer
Granular layer

Question 16

Cells found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 16

Basket cells

Stellate cells

Question 17

Cells found in the purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 17

Purkinje cells

Question 18

Cells found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 18

Granule cells

Golgi cells

Question 19

Cell type which coordinate motor output in the cerebellum

Answer 19

Purkinje cells

Question 20

Cells which are the largest in the nervous system

Answer 20

Betz cells

Question 21

Four types of glial cells

Answer 21

Astrocytes - type of macroglia
Oligodendrocytes - type of macroglia
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 22

Most numerous type of glial cells

Answer 22

Astrocytes

Question 23

Functions of astrocytes

Answer 23

Enable nutrition of neurons
Break down neurotransmitters
Maintain the blood brain barrier
Structural support of neurons

Question 24

Cell which replace oligodendrocytes in the peripheral nervous sytem

Answer 24

Schwann cells

Question 25

Function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 25

Produce myelin sheaths

Question 26

Function of microglia

Answer 26

Clear neuronal debris via scavenging after cell death | Immune system of the CNS

Question 27

Function of ependymal cells

Answer 27

Cover the ventricles | Facilitate CSF circulation

Question 28

Ability of lipid soluble vs. water soluble molecules to cross the blood brain barrier

Answer 28

Lipid soluble molecules penetrate easily | Water soluble molecules are usually unable to penetrate

Question 29

Name for areas of the brain which do not have a blood brain barrier

Answer 29

Circumventricular organs

Question 30

Type of junction formed by endothelial cells making the blood brain barrier

Answer 30

Tight junction

Question 31

Types of cells found in the nervous system which do not contain neurons

Answer 31

Oligodendrocytes | Schwann cells

Question 32

Type of neuronal cells which have long axons

Answer 32

Golgi type 1 cells

Question 33

Type of neuronal cells which have short axons

Answer 33

Golgi type 2 cells

Question 34

Type of neuronal cells which have no axons

Answer 34

Amacrine neurons

Question 35

Function of an endosome

Answer 35

Recycling of cell membranes

Question 36

Most common type of neuronal cells in the cerebral cortex

Answer 36

Pyramidal cells

Question 37

Type of enzyme seen only in astrocytes

Answer 37

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 38

Embryonic cells which originate from the neural tube and later dissociate from the nervous system

Answer 38

Neural crest

Question 39

Type of neuron which transmits impulses to between other neurons - often found between a sensory and a motor neuron as part of a reflex arc

Answer 39

Interneuron

Question 40

Four types of primary afferent axons

Answer 40

A-alpha A-beta A-delta C

Question 41

Types of primary afferent axons which are myelinated

Answer 41

A axons

Question 42

Type of primary afferent axon which is unmyelinated

Answer 42

C

Question 43

Function of A-alpha primary afferent axons

Answer 43

Carry proprioception information

Question 44

Function of A-beta primary afferent axons

Answer 44

Carry touch information

Question 45

Function of A-delta primary afferent axons

Answer 45

Carry sharp, initial pain information and temperature information

Question 46

Function of C primary afferent axons

Answer 46

Carry slow, dull pain information, temperature and itch

Question 47

Two basic cell types found in the CNS

Answer 47

Neurons | Glial cells

Question 48

Specialised type of ependymal cells which produce CSF

Answer 48

Choroid plexus cells

Question 49

Term for a microglial cell which has engulfed infectious material

Answer 49

Glitter cell

Question 50

Main element in the dry weight of myelin

Answer 50

Fat

Question 51

Type of cells glial cells are

Answer 51

Support cells which support neurons