Mechanical forces in development Flashcards
What mechanical forces are relevant for cell biology?
Compressive stress, surface tension, cortical contraction, contractile forces between cell-cell and cell-extra-cellular matrix, adhesion
What control cell shape?
Mechanical forces coming from cell/cell or cell/matrix interactions
What molecules are important for cell-sorting?
Cadherins
How can cells generate mechanical force?
Changes in cytoskeleton and adhesive properties
What are mechanotransducers?
Proteins or mechanosensitive channels that respond to the mechanical imputs by changing the intracellular enviornment
How can cells respond to mechanical forces?
- Shape and size changes
- proliferation and differentiation
- coordinated cell movement and reorganizations
- changes in gene expression
How do cells respond to high tension (high mechanical force)?
During high tension (high mechanical force) The HIPPO pathway will be activated, leading to transcription factor YAP being activated, and translocating to the nucleus. This promotes genes of growth, proliferation ect.
What does the HIPPO pathway activate, and when is it important?
It activates the TF YAP, and promote growth and proliferation. When cells respond to mechanical forces.
What is hydrostatic forces?
Pressure from fluid. example: when liquid is pumped into a space between cells via pumps.
