Mechanical Systems

Question 1

simple machines (name 5)

Answer 1

inclined plane, gears, wheel and axle, pulley, levers

Question 2

inclined plane

Answer 2

a ramp or slope for reducing
the force needed to lift something

Question 3

gears

Answer 3

a rotating wheel-like device with teeth around its rim

Question 4

wheel and axle

Answer 4

a machine consisting of two turning objects
attached to each other at their centres.

One object causes the other to turn.

Question 5

hydraulics

Answer 5

the study of pressure in liquids

Question 6

pneumatics

Answer 6

the study of pressure in gases

Question 7

pulley

Answer 7

a wheel with a grooved rim to guide a rope or
chain that runs along the groove;

used to transmit or change direction of force

Question 8

Lever

Answer 8

a machine consisting of a bar that is free to rotate around a fixed point, changing the amount of force that must be exerted to move an object

Question 9

how do machines impact people and society

Answer 9

..

Question 10

What relationship is there between the
piston and the wheel of the device?

Answer 10

the piston transmits kinetic energy to the wheel

Question 11

What is a subsystem?

Answer 11

a simple machine that is part of a larger system

Question 12

screw

Answer 12

Question 13

wedge

Answer 13

..

Question 14

mechanical advantage formula (force)

Answer 14

mechanical advantage =

Load force
———————
Effort force

or

MA=FL/FE

Question 15

mechanical advantage formula (for levers)

Answer 15

MA levers =

Length of force arm
———————————
Length of load arm

Question 16

mechanical advantage formula (for wheel and axle)

Answer 16

MA wheel and axle =

Radius of force arm
———————————
Radius of load arm

Question 17

fulcrum

Answer 17

the point of a lever that DOES NOT move

Question 18

effort arm

Answer 18

in a lever,
the distance between the fulcrum and the effort force

Question 19

load arm

Answer 19

in a lever,
the distance from the load to the fulcrum

Question 20

class ONE lever

Answer 20

a lever in which the fulcrum is
between the effort and the load

(teetertotter)

Question 21

class TWO lever

Answer 21

a lever in which the load is between the
fulcrum and the effort

(bottle opener)

Question 22

class THREE lever

Answer 22

a lever in which the effort is applied between
the fulcrum and the load

(tweezers)

Question 23

effort force

Answer 23

the force supplied to any
machine to produce an action

Question 24

load

Answer 24

the weight of an object that is moved or lifted by a machine, or the resistance to movement that a machine must overcome

Question 25

work

Answer 25

the transfer of energy through motion WORK = force x distance

Question 26

joules

Answer 26

a unit used to measure energy or work; 1J = a force of 1N moving through 1m

Question 27

work input work output

Answer 27

..

Question 28

mechanical advantage

Answer 28

the ratio of the force produced by a machine or system (the load) to the force applied to the machine or system (the effort force)

Question 29

speed

Answer 29

the rate of motion, or the rate at which an object changes its position

Question 30

force

Answer 30

a push or pull on anything that causes a change in the motion of an object The unit for measuring force is the **NEWTON**

Question 31

area

Answer 31

the amount of surface; measured in square unit such as cm²

Question 32

pressure

Answer 32

the force acting perpendicular to a certain surface area

Question 33

Pascal's law

Answer 33

a law stating that when pressure is exerted on one part of a fluid, the same pressure is transmitted unchanged to all parts of the fluid, no matter what the shape of the container holding the fluid

Question 34

winch

Answer 34

a machine consisting of a small cylinder, a crank or handle, and a cable, used for lifting and pulling

Question 35

radius

Answer 35

the distance in a straight line from the centre of a circle to the circle's circumference (outer boundary)

Question 36

friction

Answer 36

the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other a machine can never be 100% efficient because there is always friction

Question 37

efficiency

Answer 37

a measure of how much input work (effort) is transferred into output work (load) Efficiency = Work Output work (J) ——​—​—​—​—​—​—​—​—​— Work Input Work (J)

Question 38

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 38

energy is never created or destroyed it is only transformed from one form to another sometimes energy is lost to friction, heat or sound

Question 39

If a machine gives a **force advantage**, then the effort force....

Answer 39

is less than the load force