Mechanisms of action of psychotropic medication Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Citalopram
A
SSRI
2
Q
Paroxetine
A
SSRI
3
Q
Fluoxetine
A
SSRI
4
Q
Sertraline
A
SSRI
5
Q
Escitalopram
A
SSRI
6
Q
Venlafaxine
A
SNRI
7
Q
Duloxetine
A
SNRI
Blocks norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake pumps
Desensitises serotonin 1A receptors and beta adrenergic receptors
8
Q
Reboxetine
A
Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NARI)
9
Q
Mirtazapine
A
Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
Antagonist at alpha2 adrenergic inhibitory receptors, antagonist of serotonin 5HT2 and 5HT3 receptors, and histamine receptor antagonist
Preferentially blocks histaminic receptor at low doses
10
Q
Moclobemide
A
Reversible inhibitor of MAO-A selectively - RIMA
11
Q
Trazodone
A
Serotonin agonist and reuptake inhibitor - SARI
Blocks the serotonin reuptake pump, and is an antagonist at 5HT2A and 5HT2C - mixed serotonin agonist/antagonist
11
Q
Chlorpromazine
A
Typical antipsychotic
12
Q
Flupenthixol
A
Typical antipsychotic
13
Q
Zuclopenthixol
A
Typical antipsychotic
14
Q
Sulpiride
A
Typical antipsychotic
15
Q
Haloperidol
A
Typical antipsychotic
16
Q
Clozapine
A
Atypical antipsychotic 5HT2>D2 antagonist D4 receptor blocker 5HT6 receptor blocker Weak D1 and D2 affinity
17
Q
Risperidone
A
Atypical antipsychotic
D2 antagonist
5HT2A antagonist
18
Q
Olanzapine
A
Atypical antipsychotic
Dopamine antagonist
5HT2a antagonist
19
Q
Quetiapine
A
Atypical antipsychotic
20
Q
Amisulpride
A
Atypical antipsychotic
D2-like selective antagonist (D2=D3>D4)
21
Q
Aripiprazole
A
Atypical antipsychotic
5HT1a partial agonist
D2 partial agonist
5HT2A antagonist
22
Q
St John’s Wort
A
Weak MAOI
Weak SNRI
23
Q
Agomelatine
A
Melatonergic agonist
5-HT2C antagonist
24
Bupropion
Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
25
Donepezil
Selective reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
26
Rivastigmine
Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
| Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor
27
Galantamine
Competitive reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
| Binds allosterically to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
28
Memantine
Non-competitive NMDA antagonist
29
Valproate
GABA agonist/potentiator
| NMDA antagonist
29
Gabapentin
Unknown but binds to voltage activated calcium channels
30
Topiramate
GABA agonist
NMDA antagonist
Na channel stabiliser
31
Carbamazepine
Na channel stabiliser
32
Phenytoin
Na channel stabiliser
33
Lamotrigine
Na channel stabiliser
| NMDA antagonist
34
Pregabalin
Alpha 2 delta voltage gated calcium channel ligand
35
Z-drugs
GABA-A agonist
36
Buspirone
5HT1A partial agonist
Partial agonist on serotonin 5-HT1a receptors; full agonist at pre-synaptic receptors and partial agonist at post-synaptic receptors; reduces the firing of serotonin-producing neurons
Presynaptic agonism leads to antianxiety effects
Postsynaptic agonism leads to antidepressant effects
37
Flumazenil
GABA-A antagonist
38
Lurasidone
```
Atypical antipsychotic
D2 antagonist
5HT2A blocker
Partial 5HT1A agonist
5HT7 antagonist
```
39
Lofexidine
Alpha 2 agonist
40
Clonidine
Alpha 2 agonist
41
Buprenorphine
Mu opioid receptor partial agonist
42
Naloxone
Opioid antagonist at mu, delta and kappa
43
Atomoxetine
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
44
Varenicline
Nicotinic receptor partial agonist
45
Disulfiram
Irreversible binder to acetalydehyde dehydrogenase
| Causes accumulation of acetaldehyde following ingestion of alcohol
46
Acamprosate
NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist
Synthetic taurine analogue
Allosteric modulator at GABA-A
47
Selegiline
Irreversible MAO B inhibitor
| MAO A inhibitor at higher doses
48
Sildenafil
cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor
49
Naltrexone
Reversible competitive antagonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors
50
Methadone
Full mu agonist
51
Barbiturates
Increase duration of chloride channel opening to potentiate the effect of GABA at GABAa receptors
52
Benzodiazepines
Increase the frequency of chloride channels to potentiate the effect of GABA at GABAa receptors - GABA a positive allosteric modulators
53
Carbamazepine
Binds to sodium channels to increase their refractory period
54
Donepezil
Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which prevents cholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine
55
Galantamine
Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which prevents cholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine, and binds allosterically to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
56
Rivastigmine
Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which prevents cholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor
57
Memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist that blocks the effects of pathologically raised levels of glutamate
58
Flumazenil
Selective GABAa receptor antagonist that reverses the effects of benzodiazepines through competitive interaction
59
Zopiclone
Similar to benzodiazepines binds to GABAa receptor sites to enhance the action of GABA
60
Opioids
Act on opioid receptors µ, k, and δ (G-protein coupled receptors). Key receptor subtype is µ which causes most of the effects and side-effects
61
Methadone
Full agonist targeting µ receptors with some action against k and δ
62
Buprenorphine
Partial agonist targeting µ largely
63
Naloxone
Antagonist targeting all opioid receptors
64
Naltrexone
Reversible competitive antagonist µ and ĸ receptors
65
Bromocriptine
Dopamine receptor agonist
66
Ropinirole
Dopamine receptor agonist
67
Carbergoline
Dopamine receptor agonist
68
Levodopa
Crosses the blood brain barrier to directly increase dopamine concentrations
69
Selegeline
Selectively inhibits MAO-B to prevent the breakdown of dopamine
70
Moclobemide
Selective, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A which causes an increase in noradrenaline, dopamine and especially sertraline
71
Entacapone
Selective and reversible inhibitor of COMT - COMT breaks down dopamine so entacapone reduces breakdown of dopamine
72
Topiramate
Inhibits voltage gated sodium channels which suppresses action potentials; increases GABA levels
73
Varenicline
Selective nicotine-receptor partial agonist
74
Bupriopion
Noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
75
Agomelatine
Melatonin receptor antagonist, and serotonin 5HT2C and 5HT2B receptor antagonist
76
Sodium Valproate
GABA agonist, possibly by inhibiting GABA degradative enzymes, blocks voltage gated sodium channels
77
Methadone
Pure mu agonist
78
Milnacipran
SNRI
79
Nefazodone
SNRI
80
Cyproheptadine
Antagonist of histamine H1 receptors
81
Vortioxetine
Serotonin transporter inhibition
5HT3 and 5HT7 receptor antagonist
5HT1A agonist
5HT1B/D weak partial agonist to antagonist
82
Carbidopa
Inhibits DOPA decarboxylase - therefore inhibits the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine outside the CNS, which increases the amount of L-dopa in the body. L-dopa is able to cross the blood brain barrier so the result is higher concentrations of dopamine in the brain and less peripherally
83
L-dopa
Acts as a precursor to dopamine
84
Nalmefene
Opioid receptor antagonist/opioid receptor modulator
85
SSRI mechanism of action
5HT1A agonism
5HT2 agonism
5HT3 agonism
86
Malnicipran
SNRI
87
Sulpride
Atypical antipsychotic
Binds to auto-inhibitory D4 receptors - presynaptic D4 antagonism
D2 antagonism
