Med neuro exam 2 lect

Question 1

pontine reticulospinal tract

Answer 1

PRST
excites extensors
p plus

Question 2

medullary reticulospinal tract

Answer 2

MRST
inhibits extensors
M minus

Question 3

Central tegmental tract

Answer 3

consciousness

Question 4

medial forebrain bundle

Answer 4

pleasure pathway

Question 5

cholinergic

Answer 5

nucleus basalis of meynertt

septal nuclei

Question 6

inactivation of monamines

Answer 6

monoamine oxidase

reuptake

Question 7

noradrenergic neurons

Answer 7

mood, memory, hormones
lateral tegmental group
locus coeruleus

Question 8

dopaminergic neurons

Answer 8

nigrostriatal path
mesocorticolimbic path
tuberoinfundibular path

Question 9

serotonin

Answer 9

made in raphe nuclei

Question 10

decerebrate posturing

Answer 10

lesion btwn rostral red nucleas and mid pons

upper and lower limbs extedned spasticiity

Question 11

decorticate postureing

Answer 11

diencephalon
upper limb flexion (red nucleus intact)
lower limb extension

Question 12

midpontine RF

Answer 12

turns on exctitatory neurons

promotes wakefulness

Question 13

RF in caudal pons

Answer 13

turns off excitation from mid ponitne

Question 14

posterior hypo

Answer 14

hypersomnia

Question 15

anterioro hypo

Answer 15

hyposomnia

Question 16

sleep cycle

Answer 16

awake
SS1,2,3,4
Rem

Question 17

REM sleep

Answer 17

rapid eye movement

paradoxical sleep because loud wont wake u but whispered name will

Question 18

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 18

regulates circadian rythm

Question 19

acetylcholine

Answer 19

wakefullnesss and rem sleep
basal forbrain
laterodorsal and pedunculo pontine tegmental nuclei

Question 20

norephinephrine

Answer 20

locus coeruleus
fight or flight
wakefulness

Question 21

histamine

Answer 21

tuberomammilary nucleus of posterior hypothalamus

wakefulness

Question 22

serotonin 5-HT

Answer 22

raphe nuclei

wakefulness

Question 23

dopamine

Answer 23

substantia nigra

wakefulness

Question 24

orexin hypocretein

OX

Answer 24

lateral hypothalamus
wakefulness
flip flop system for sleep wake transitions

Question 25

Ventrolateral preoptic area

Answer 25

GABAergic neurons that suppress wakefullnes neuromodulators

Question 26

GABA and glycine | REM

Answer 26

during REM they inhibit a lot and eliminate muscle tone

Question 27

ACetylcholine in REM

Answer 27

only thing not turned off in REM | from basal forebrain and pons to cortex

Question 28

flip flop system

Answer 28

Orexin turnes on awake stuff which turns off asleep stuff asleep stuff turns off both the others imagine a scale when one gets too high it swaps

Question 29

sublaterodorsal nucleus | ventral part of the periaqueductal gray in the lateral ponting tegmentum and chollinergic nuclei

Answer 29

pontine circuit of REM sleep

Question 30

insomnia and narcolepsy

Answer 30

unstable flip flop switch

Question 31

somnambulism

Answer 31

sleep walking | stuck between non rem and wake stage

Question 32

sympathetic

Answer 32

fight or flight info from throaci and lumbar cord ganglia close to spinal cord

Question 33

parasympathetic

Answer 33

rest digest info from brainstem and sacral cord close to organs

Question 34

reflexes ans vs sns

Answer 34

hypothalamus vs somatosensory and motor cortex

Question 35

RVLM

Answer 35

rostral ventrolateral medulla glutamate gaba epinephrine supraspinal vasomotor pathway thru dorsolateral funiculus

Question 36

spinal shock

Answer 36

acut sci transient abesnt of voluntary and reflex below injury

Question 37

neurogenic shock

Answer 37

30min to 6 weeks hypotension bradycardia poikilothermia

Question 38

injurey below T6

Answer 38

maintain blood pressure

Question 39

injury above T6

Answer 39

lose control of BP and heart rate

Question 40

orthostatic hypotenison

Answer 40

drop in blood pressure with 90degree head up tilt acute: loss of vasomotor tone chronic" reduced sympathetic activity

Question 41

autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 41

sudden episod high blood pressure baroreflex mediated bradycardia T6 or higher lose inhibitive cortical input responding to sympathtetic response from full bladder

Question 42

spinal plasticity response to cardiovascular abnormality

Answer 42

CGRP+ cfiber afferents density increases Nerve growth factor propriospinal sprouting

Question 43

gabapentin

Answer 43

decreases presynaptic glutamate release | suppresses muscular spasticity and neuropathic pain

Question 44

lower urinary tract

Answer 44

external urethral spicnter has somatic nerves | othersr are autonomic

Question 45

supraspinal mictuition

Answer 45

barringtons nucleus periaqueductal gray nucleus tractus solitarri

Question 46

micturition pathways

Answer 46

spinal reflexes for storage | spinobulbospinal relexes for voiding

Question 47

detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

Answer 47

loss of recipercot relationship

Question 48

molecular changes after sci

Answer 48

NGF up primary c fiber afferent sprouting up GDNF BDNF and NT3 up

Question 49

treatments

Answer 49

E stim of pudendal nerve | PNGs

Question 50

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 50

eyes

Question 51

medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 51

auditory

Question 52

Ventral posterior laterall nucleus VPL

Answer 52

body

Question 53

VPM

Answer 53

face

Question 54

ventral posterior inferior nucleus VPI

Answer 54

vestibular info

Question 55

right visual field

Answer 55

left side of brain

Question 56

after chiasm

Answer 56

defecits in contra visual field | effects both eyes

Question 57

damage in one retina

Answer 57

scotoma monocuolar | that specific visual filed affected

Question 58

lesion of opitc nerve

Answer 58

loss from one eye visual field

Question 59

leaseon of optic chiasm

Answer 59

nasal retina cross temporal dont hemianopia bitemporal so temporal visual field loss cuz nasal retina lost?

Question 60

lesion of optic tract or lateral geniculate

Answer 60

contralateral visual

Question 61

superior bank

Answer 61

inferior visual field

Question 62

pupillary light refelx

Answer 62

each pretectal nuclei gets input from both sides and sends to both edingerwestphal and goes to constrict

Question 63

blind in right eye pupilary reflix

Answer 63

right eye nothing left eye response in both sides if only one eye responds then motor pathway is damaged