S2 highlights

Question 1

CaM K

Answer 1

calmodulin kinase
calmodulin + ca binds to something (calmodulin kinase) and becomes a kinase
removal of regulatory subunit
autophospohyrylates to activate then Ca leaves and calmodulin leaves but is still partially active if still phosphorylated

Question 2

MAPK

Answer 2

mitogen activated protein kinase
lots of steps 
last step is MAD kinase kinase 
\+ P to tyr
non receptor Tyr KS

Question 3

PKA

Answer 3

cAMP activates it

Question 4

PKB

Answer 4

PDK1 activates
also known as Akt
moves from cytosol to membrane for activation then back to cytosol
gets to membrane by finding PI345P3

Question 5

PKC

Answer 5

PDK1 adds P to first thr
then auphosp of 2 sites catalytically competent but inactive
Ca and DAG and PLs bind to and opens it and now active
move to PM???

Question 6

PLC

Answer 6

phospholipase C
turns phosphoinositol into DAG and IP3
by cleaving inositol head group

Question 7

PP1

Answer 7

protein phosphatase 1

Question 8

PP2A

Answer 8

Protein phosphatase 2A
hetero trimer
catalytic, regulatory, scaffolding
ser/thr phosphotases

Question 9

PP2B

Answer 9

calcineruin
ser/thr phosphotase
ca dependendent because it has EF hand domain
regulated by calmodulin in opposition

Question 10

PP5

Answer 10

activated by a lipid

arachidonic acid removes auto inhibitory domain

Question 11

IP3

Answer 11

releases calcium from ER

IP3 receptor

Question 12

DAG

Answer 12

activates PKC

Question 13

ser/thr phosphotases

Answer 13

need zinc and iron

Question 14

tyr phosphotases

Answer 14

have cysitein at active site

Question 15

ph domain

Answer 15

docking site for phospholipid heads

ph domain is on the protein

Question 16

SRC

Answer 16

non receptor Tyr K
intracellular
no ligand

Question 17

SERCA

Answer 17

into ER

Question 18

PMCA

Answer 18

Out from cytosol

Question 19

VDAC

Answer 19

lets Ca into mitochondria matrix
not just Ca
increases IP3 signal on ER

Question 20

MCU

Answer 20

mito ca uniporter

when cyto high lets Ca in

Question 21

NCLX

Answer 21

exports to cyto from mito

sodium or lithium exchanged for Ca

Question 22

TPC1

Answer 22

on lysosomes

Question 23

IP3R

Answer 23

on ER
IP3 binds
lets Ca out

Question 24

Ryn R

Answer 24

EC coupling

voltage gated lets out of ER

Question 25

PiP3

Answer 25

any combo of 3,4,5 3 needed for docking site 45 substrate with PLC and regulates ion channels

Question 26

agonist

Answer 26

amplifies state so r cant transduce and R can

Question 27

antagonisti

Answer 27

binds either and prevents transduction

Question 28

partial agonist

Answer 28

binds either amplifies state protects against other molecule so like if agonist is there it goes to r and if antagonist is there it goes to R

Question 29

why receptors

Answer 29

convergence divergence common pathway transamplification

Question 30

G proteins

Answer 30

``` bind GTP (active) GDP (inactive) GEFs and GTPases GPCR is the GEF (heterotrimeric) monomeric ```

Question 31

Galpha s

Answer 31

stimulates AC

Question 32

Galhpa i

Answer 32

inhibits AC

Question 33

Galpha q11

Answer 33

activase phospholiapce C | PLC

Question 34

Galpha 12/13

Answer 34

links GPCR to rho

Question 35

Ras

Answer 35

``` monomeric G protein most important regulates cell cycle lipid tail and PTMs cancer source other one have Ras domain to gRASp GTP ```

Question 36

Ran

Answer 36

mitoo nuclear import exportin importin stuff monomeric G protein

Question 37

Rab

Answer 37

vessicles | monomeric G protein

Question 38

Rho

Answer 38

actin cyto skeletin | monomeric G protein

Question 39

Arf

Answer 39

vessiclse | monomeric G protein

Question 40

GEF

Answer 40

exchanges GDP for GTP

Question 41

GAP

Answer 41

GTP to GDP

Question 42

block GAP

Answer 42

too active downstream effects | cant turn off

Question 43

guanine nucleotide dissocioaition inhibitors

Answer 43

block GAP

Question 44

regulate heterotrimeric G protein signaling ?

Answer 44

block receptor eliminate second messengers block GAP and GEF destroy ligand

Question 45

SOC

Answer 45

low Ca response channel Extracellular Ca source long open

Question 46

CRAC

Answer 46

special SOC for low ER Ca stores Stim ORai

Question 47

Stim

Answer 47

identifies low Ca because Ca isnt bound to its EF hand domains

Question 48

Orai

Answer 48

in PM opened when stim comes together during low Ca

Question 49

Ca signal types

Answer 49

spark blips waves

Question 50

JAK STAT

Answer 50

``` ligand binds receptor dimerizeds jak associates (different SOCS blocks) jak auto ps to be active adds p to receptor STAT binds p site on receptor JAK ads p to stat stat dissociates and dimerizes translocate to nucleas as TF PIAS can inhibit STAT to DNA binding ```

Question 51

Receptor tyrosine kinase

Answer 51

dimerase autophospohrylation ligand is a dimer

Question 52

selectivity for ser/thr vs tyr

Answer 52

tyr is bigger so the catalytic site is bigger

Question 53

arachidonic acid derivatives

Answer 53

prostaglandins thromboxanes/leukotrienes PP5 activation

Question 54

stop cAMP

Answer 54

phosphodiesterase PDE | breaks down cAMP

Question 55

why not delete AC

Answer 55

kill the cell

Question 56

PI45P2

Answer 56

makes DAG or IP3

Question 57

IP3 effect

Answer 57

release Ca from ER

Question 58

PIP3 kinase

Answer 58

adds P to C3 for p345P3 for docking site

Question 59

phosphatidic acid

Answer 59

DAG + DGK

Question 60

prostaglandins

Answer 60

vasodilation/constriction immune responses platelets

Question 61

leukotrienes

Answer 61

asthma

Question 62

FA binding proteins

Answer 62

bring into cell nucleas and transfer to PPAR

Question 63

PPAR

Answer 63

takes FA and acts as TF