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intro to health careers > med term chp. 18 > Flashcards

med term chp. 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer section of a gland above each kidney: secretes cortiso: aldosterone. and sex hormones

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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner section of a gland above each kidney; secretes epinephrine

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3
Q

ovaries

A

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg cell production and estrogen secretion

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4
Q

pancreas

A

located behind the stomach; alpha and beta islet cells secrete hormones

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

four small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

pituitary gland

A

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; hypophysis

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7
Q

testes

A

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

located in the neck oin either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine

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9
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and bp

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10
Q

adrenocoritotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretions of the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

aldostreone

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption

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12
Q

androgen

A

male hormone secreted by the testes

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13
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; vasopressin

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14
Q

calcitonin

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium lvls

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15
Q

cortisol

A

secreted by the adrema; cortex; increases blood sugar

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16
Q

estradiol

A

female hornome secreted by ovaries

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17
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries

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18
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by the pancreas, increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

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19
Q

growth hormone (somatotropin)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

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20
Q

insulin

A

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; lowers blood sugar

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21
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation

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22
Q

oxytocin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

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23
Q

parahormone

A

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

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24
Q

prolactin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

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25
testosterone
male hormone secreted by the testes
26
thyroid-stimulating hormone
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretion by the thyroid gland
27
progesterone
secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy
28
thyroxine
secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells; T4
29
catecholamines
hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla
30
corticosteroids
steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones are examples
31
electrolyte
mineral salt found I nthe blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium is an example
32
homeostasis
tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal enviornmenthy
33
hypothalamus
region of the brain lying below the thalamus; secretes factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
34
glucocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex;regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
35
mineralocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortexl regulates mineral salts and water balance
36
sella turcica
cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland
37
sympathomimetic
mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline is an example
38
target tissue
cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
39
ADENectomy
removal of gland
40
ADRENALgland
removal of one of the glands above the kidney
41
GONAD-TROPIN
any hormone that stimulates the sex glands/gonad
42
HYPO-GONADism
deficiency ( in growth and secretions) of the sex glands
43
PANCREAT-ectomy
resection of an endocrine gland below the sotmach
44
PARATHYROID-ECTOMY
removal of the glands behind the thyroid gland
45
HYPO-PITUITARism
condition of decreased secretion of the master gland
46
THYRoTRPOIC hormone
a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland
47
THYROIDitis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
48
POLY-URIA
condition of excessive urination
49
ANDROgen
male hormone (producing male characteristics)
50
HYPO-CALC-EMIA
Low levels of calcium in the blood
51
HYPER-CALC-iuria
High levels of calcium in the urine
52
HYPER-CALC-EMIA
High levels of calcium in the blood
53
CORTICO-steroid
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
54
polyDIPSia
excessive thirst
55
ESTROgenic
pertaining to producing female characteristics
56
GLYCemic
pertaining to sugar in the blood
57
GLYCOgen
animal starch
58
HYPER-GLYC-EMIA
high levels of sugar in the blood
59
ANTI diuretic HORMONE
chemical that promotes water loss in urine
60
HYPO-KAL-EMIA
low levels of potassium in the blood
61
HYPO-PITUITARism
decreases of all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
62
glucAGON
hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels
63
HYPO-GLYC-EMIA
low levels of sugar in the blood
64
epinephrINE
hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels
65
adrenocorticoTROPIN
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal cortex
66
EUthyroid
normal thyroid function
67
teraiodothyronine
thyroid gland hormone (T4)
68
hyperKAL-EMIA
high levels of potassium in the blood
69
GLYCOS-URIA
condition of sugar in urine
70
HYPOinsulinism
deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas
71
proLACTin
hormone that stimulates mulk secretion
72
MYXedema
abnormal condition of mucus-like secretion pro
73
HYPO-NATR-EMIA
low levels of sodium in the blood
74
hypoPHYS-ECTOMY
removal of the pituitaryy gland
75
SOMATOtropin
growth hormone
76
STERoid
many hormones are examples of this solid, reing-shaped molecule
77
oxyTOCin
a hormone that promote rapid labor and delivery
78
TOCICosis
abnormal condition of mucus-like material under the skin
79
Addison diesease
hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
80
adrenal virilism
excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens
81
myxedema
advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
82
Cushing shydrome
groupd of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex
83
hyperparathyroidism
deficient production of parathyroid hormone (tetany results)
84
hyperthyriodism
overactivity of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis)
85
hypoparathyroidism
deficient production of parathyroid hormone (tetany results)
86
cretinism
extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood
87
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
88
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid gland (papillary and follicular are types)
89
acromegaly
hypersecretion of the anterior pituitary gland beginning after puberty
90
diabetes insipidus (DI)
insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
91
diabetes mellitus
lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin to promote sugar, starch and fat (carbohydrate) metabolism in cells
92
dwarfism
congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone
93
gigantism
hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary beginning before puberty
94
hyperinsulinism
excess secretion of insulin leads to hypoglycemia
95
panypopituitarism
deficiency of all pituitary hormones
96
syndrome of inappropriate ADH
excess secretion of antidiuretic hormone

intro to health careers (8 decks)

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