med term chp.11 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Aorta
A
Largest artery in the body
2
Q
Apex
A
Lower tip of heart
3
Q
Ateriole
A
Small artery
4
Q
Atrioventricular bundle
A
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the upper and lower heart chambers; bundle of his
5
Q
Atrium
A
Upper chamber of heart
6
Q
Capillary
A
Smallest blood vessel
7
Q
Carbon dioxide
A
Gas released by travel cells; travels via where then exhaled blood to the lungs
8
Q
Diastole
A
Relaxation phase of heartbeat
9
Q
Endocardium
A
Inner lining of heart
10
Q
Oxygen
A
Gas that enters the blood thru lungs
11
Q
Systole
A
Contraction phase of heartbeat
12
Q
Coronary arteries
A
Blood vessels that carry oxygenrich blood to heart
13
Q
Deoxygenated blood
A
Blood lacking in oxygen
14
Q
Electrocardiogram
A
Record of electricity flow through heart
15
Q
Endothelium
A
Innermost liningof blood vessels
16
Q
Mitral valve
A
Positioned between the left upper and lower heart chambers
17
Q
Murmur
A
Abnormal heart sound
18
Q
Myocardium
A
Muscular, middle layer of heart
19
Q
Normal sinus rhythm
A
Resting rate of 60-100 bpm
20
Q
Pacemaker
A
Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node
21
Q
Pericardium
A
Double-layered membrane surrounding heart
22
Q
Pulmonary artery
A
Vessel that carries oxygen pour blood from heart to lungs
23
Q
Pulmonary valve
A
Located between lower right chamber and the vessel carrying blood to the lungs
24
Q
Pulmonary vein
A
One of 2 pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
25
Pulse
Beat of heart felt thru wall of arteries
26
Septum
Partition or wall dividing the chambers of the heart
27
Sphygmomanometer
Instrument to measure bp
28
Tricuspid value
Located between upper and lower right heart chambers
29
Vena cava
Largest vein in the body
30
Ventricle
Lower chamber of heart
31
Venule
Small vein
32
Coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing of aorta(congenital anomaly
33
Congestive heart disease
Heart is unableto pump its required amount of blood
34
Coronary artery disease
Disease originating in the arteries surrounding the heart
35
Endocarditis
Inflammation the river lining of the heart
36
Fibrillation
Very rapid, random inefficient, and irregular contractions of heart
37
Flutter
Rapid but regular contractions of heart (usually the atria )
38
Heart block
Failure of proper conduction impulses from the SA node thru the rest of heart
39
Patent ductus arteriosus
Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth
40
Septal defects
Small holes in the wall between the atria or the wall between the ventricles
41
Tetralogy of Fallon
Congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects
42
Aneurysm
Local widening of an arterial wall
43
Deep vein thrombosis
Blood clot forms in a large vein (usually lower limb)
44
Hypertension
High bp (essential and secondary) are types
45
Hypertensive heart disease
High bp that affects the heart
46
Mitral value prolapse
Improper closure of the bicuspid valve
47
Murmur ( #2)
Extra heart sound heard between normal beats
48
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
49
Peripheral vascular disease
Blockage of blood vessels carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs
50
Raynaud disease
Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
51
Rheumatic heart disease
Heart discuse caused by rheumatic fever
52
Varicose veins
Abnormally swollen or twisted veins; usually occur in legs
53
Acute coronary syndromes
Unstable angina and heart attack; consequences are plaque rupture in coronary arteries
54
Angina
Chest pain resulting from blood flow being held back from heart muscle
55
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
Antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 and dilates blood vessel
56
Auscultation
Listening for sounds using a stethoscope
57
Beta blocker
Drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias by blocking the action of epinephrine @ receptor sites on cells
58
Bruit
Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery
59
Biventricular pacemaker
Device that enables ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of heart
60
Calcium channel blocker
Drug used to treat angina I hypertension; dilates blood vessels stopping the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels
61
Cardiac arrest
Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action
62
Cardiac tamponade
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
63
Claudication
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun.
64
Digoxin
Drug that treats arrhythmia and strengthens the heartbeat
65
Embolus
Clot or other material that travels to a distant location
66
Infarction
Area of dead tissue
67
Nitrates
Drug used in the treatment of angina by dilating blood vessels
68
Occlusion
Closure of a blood vessel due to a blockage
69
Palpitations
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias
70
Patent
Open
71
Pericardial friction rub
Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart
72
Petechiae
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
73
Statins
Drugs that lover cholesterol in blood
74
Thrill
Libration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow
75
Vegetations
Clumps of platelets and other material on diseased heart waves
76
Angiography
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
77
BNP test
Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in blood identifies patients with heart failure
78
Computerized tomography angiography
3D X-ray images of heart & coronary arteries are produced using a 64 slice Ct scanner
79
Digital subtraction angiography
Video equip. and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels (computer compares two images with and without contrast and subtracts one from the other)
80
Doppler ultrasound studies
Sound waves are used to measure blood flow in blood vessels
81
Echocardiography
High-frequency sound waves produce images of the structure into the heart via a tube
82
Electron beam computed tomography
This test can identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease
83
Lipid tests
Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
84
Lipoprotein electrophoresis
LDL and HDL are physically separated and measured in the blood sample
85
Serum enzyme tests
Chemicals (creating kinase, troponins) are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
86
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Placement of a balloon-expandable structure into the heart via a tube
87
Cardiac catheterization
Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart through a vein of artery
88
Cardiac MRI
Images of the her are produced with magnetic waves
89
Cardioversion
Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop arrythmias (defibrillation)
90
Electrocardiography
recording of electricity flowing through the heart
91
Holter monitoring
An ECG device is worn during a 24-hr period to detect cardia arrythmias
92
PET scan
Imitates show blood flow and myocardial function after uptake of radioactive glucose
93
Stress test
An exercise tolerance test determines the hearts response to physical exertion
94
Thallium 201 scan
Concentration of a radioactive element is measured to give information about blood supply to heart muscle
95
Catheter ablation
Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryoenergy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias
96
Coronary artery bypass grafting
Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
97
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
98
Extracorporeal circulation
Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs are while the heart is repaired
99
Heart transplantation
A donor heart is transferred to a recipient
100
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery (stents are used)
101
Technetium Tc99m sestamibi scan
Radioactive tracer substance is injected intravenously and taken up by cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning
102
Thrombolytic therapy
Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis
