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anatomy > med term final 2 > Flashcards

med term final 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Condition where muscles tears away from tendon, or tendon from the bone

A

avulsion

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2
Q

continuous nerve impulses that cause arm or leg muscles to progressively flexed and drawn into a immoveable position

A

contracture

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3
Q

pain in specific trigger points in muscles of the neck, back, or hips

A

fibromyalgia

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4
Q

injury that occurs during a car accident as a person’s head snaps forward and then backward

A

hyperextension

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5
Q

when a trauma cause some bleeding in the muscle, known as a bruise

A

muscle contusion

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6
Q

painful but temporary condition with sudden, severe, involuntary and prolonged contraction of a muscle, known as cramps

A

muscle spasm

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7
Q

Overstretching of a muscle

A

muscle sprain

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8
Q

Genetic/ inherited disease due to a mutation gene; begins in early childhood with weakness in lower extremities and then upper; most severe form is Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

muscular dystrophy

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9
Q

general term which is pain in one or more muscles due to injury or muscle disease

A

myalgia

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10
Q

abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, especially in the face, ptosis (drooping) of the eyelids

A

myasthenia gravis

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11
Q

category that includes many different diseases of the muscles

A

myopathy

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12
Q

inflammation of a muscle with localized swelling and tenderness

A

myositis

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13
Q

tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus

A

rotator cuff tear

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14
Q

incoordination of the muscles during movement

A

ataxia

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15
Q

abnormally slow muscle movements or decrease in the number of spontaneous muscle movements

A

bradykinesia

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16
Q

abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles

A

dyskinesia

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17
Q

abnormally increased amount of muscle movements

A

hyperkinesis

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18
Q

uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs, along with tingling and aching

A

restless legs syndrome (RLS)

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19
Q

Small, involuntary sometime jerky, back and forth movements of the hands, neck, jaw, or extremities

A

Tremor

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20
Q

inflammation of the fascia around a muscle

A

fasciitis

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21
Q

Semisolid or fluid containing cyst that develops on a tendon, often in the wrist, hand, or foot

A

ganglion

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22
Q

pain and inflammation of the tendons of the flexor muscles of the lower leg over the shin bone

A

shin splints

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23
Q

inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse

A

tendonitis

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24
Q

procedure to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage. Displays muscle activity

A

electromyography

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25
Q

brace is a device that supports a body part that has a weak muscle. An adaptive device increases mobility by helping a physically challenged patient

A

braces and adaptive devices

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26
Q

tapping on a tendon causes involuntary contraction of the muscle connected to the tendon

A

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

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27
Q

test motor strength of certain of certain muscles. Physician presses down and patient tries to move the muscles

A

muscle strength test

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28
Q

physical therapy that includes exercise to increase muscle strength and improve coordination and balance.

A

rehabilitation exercise

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29
Q

procedure to treat fibromyalgia. To relieve pain and decrease inflammation

A

trigger point injections

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30
Q

procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia

A

fasciectomy

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31
Q

procedure to diagnose muscle weakness that could be caused by different muscle disease. Where part of tissue is removed

A

muscle biopsy

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32
Q

procedure to suture together a torn muscle after injury

A

myorrhaphy

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33
Q

procedure to suture together a torn tendon after injury

A

tenorraphy

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34
Q

Partial or total loss of memory of recent or past experienced

A

amnesia

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35
Q

Rare congestional conditon in which some or all of the cranium and cerebrum is missing

A

anencephaly

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36
Q

Loss of the ability to communicate verbally or in writing. Can occur with head trauma, stroke, or Alzheimer’s disease, Injury to part of the brain that deals with language and the interpretation of sounds and symbols

A

aphasia

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37
Q

Inability to verbally express thoughts

A

expressive aphasia

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38
Q

Inability to understand the spoken or written word

A

receptive aphasia

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39
Q

Limited impairment that involves some difficulty speaking or understanding words

A

dysphasia

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40
Q

Pain in the head; also known as a headache.

A

cephalalgia

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41
Q

Caused by the lack of oxygen to parts of the fetus’ brain during birth.

A

cerebral palsy

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42
Q

Disruption or blockage of blood flow to the brain, which causes tissue death and an area of necrosis known as an infarct.

A

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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43
Q

A temporary lack of oxygenated blood to an area of the brain, effects only last 24 hours

A

transient ischemic attack (Mini Stroke)

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44
Q

Paralysis on one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

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45
Q

Deep state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness cause by trauma or disease in the brain, metabolic imbalance with accumulation of waste products in the blood

A

coma

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46
Q

Condition in which there is irreversible loss of all brain function, no activity of any kind for 30 minutes

A

brain death

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47
Q

Traumatic injury to the brain that results in an immediate loss of consciousness for a brief or prolonged period of time.

A

concussion

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48
Q

disease of the brain in which many neurons in the cerebrum die.

A

dementia

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49
Q

onset dementia- the convulsive effect of multiple small cerebrovascular accidents.

A

senile

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50
Q

is a hereditary dementia that is known to run in families, with inherited mutations on chromosomes 1, 14,and 21

A

alzheimers diseae

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51
Q

Hereditary genetic effect in which there are three of chromosome 21, instead of the normal 2.

A

down syndrome

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52
Q

difficulty reading and writing words even though visual acuity and intelligence and normal .

A

dyslexia

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53
Q

inflammation and infection of the brain caused by a virus.

A

encephalitis

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54
Q

Reccurring condition in which a group of neurons in the brain spontaneously send out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled way.

A

epilepsy

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55
Q

Localized collection of blood that forms in the brain because of trauma to the cranium of the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or an AVM.

A

hematoma

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56
Q

Condition in which an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid is produced of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked.

A

hydrocephalus

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57
Q

inflammation and infection of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord caused by a bacterium or virus.

A

meningitis

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58
Q

Specific type of recurring headache that has a sudden onset with severe, throbbing pain, often on just one side of the head.

A

migraine

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59
Q

Brief, involuntary episodes of falling asleep during the daytime with engaged in an activity.

A

narcolepsy

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60
Q

Chronic, degenerative disease due to an imbalance in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain.

A

parkinson’s disease

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61
Q

Temporary loss of consciousness the patient becomes lightheaded and then faint and remains unconscious briefly.

A

syncope

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62
Q

congenital abnormality of the neural tube( embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord)

A

neural tube defect

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63
Q

is a protrusion of the meninges through the skin.

A

meningocele

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64
Q

is the amount of spinal cord involvement determines the degree of impairment of muscle control of the legs and bladder and bowel function.

A

meningomyelocele

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65
Q

Trauma to the spinal cord with a partial or complete transection of the cord.

A

spinal cord injury (SCI)

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66
Q

(an inability to voluntarily move the muscle)

A

paralysis

67
Q

Paralysis of the legs.

A

paraplegia

68
Q

is paralysis of all four extremities

A

quadriplegia

69
Q

When the muscles lose their tone and firmness and eventually atrophy this is called

A

flaccid paralysis

70
Q

Sensation of any type, including touch, pressure, proprioception, or pain, has been lost.

A

anesthesia

71
Q

Chronic condition caused by repetitive motions of the hand wrist, often from constant typing or data entry.

A

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

72
Q

Condition in which there is a heightened awareness and sensitivity to touch and increased response to painful stimuli.

A

hyperesthesia

73
Q

Chronic, progressive, degenerative autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin. there is acute inflammation of the nerves and loss of myelin. this disease can be caused by a triggering event such as a viral infection

A

multiple sclerosis (MS)

74
Q

Inflammation or infection of a nerve.

A

neuritis

75
Q

is a generalized inflammation of many nerves in one part of the body or all the nerves in the body.

A

polyneuritis

76
Q

General category for any type of disease or injury to a nerve.

A

neuropathy

77
Q

Condition in which abnormal sensations, such as tingling, burning, or pinpricks, are felt on the skin.

A

paresthesia

78
Q

Test that visually examines the CSF for clarity and color. Normal CSF is clear and colorless

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination

79
Q

Procedure in which radiopaque contrast dye is injected into the carotid arteries.

A

cerebral angiography

80
Q

Procedure that uses x rays to create many individual, closely spaced images (“slices”).

A

computed axial tomography (CT,CAT)

81
Q

Procedure that uses high frequency sound waves to produce a two dimensional image to visualize areas of stenosis and plaque and turbulence in the blood flow in the carotid artery.

A

doppler ultrasonography

82
Q

Procedure that uses a magnetic field and radiowaves to align the protons in the body and cause them to emit signals that create an image.

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

83
Q

Procedure in which radiopaque contrast dye is injected into the subarachnoid space at the level of the L3 and L4 vertebrae.

A

myelography

84
Q

Procedure in which a plain film (without contrast dye) is taken of the skull.

A

skull x ray

85
Q

Procedure to record the electrical activity of the brain.

A

electroencephalography

86
Q

Procedure to diagnose the underlying conditions that can cause insomnia, sleep disruption, sleep apnea, or narcolepsy. also know as a sleep study.

A

polysomnography

87
Q

Neurological test in which the end of the metal handle of a percussion hammer is used to firmly stroke the lateral sole of the foot from the heel to the toes.

A

babinski’s sign

88
Q

Numerical scale that measures the depth of a coma.

A

glasgow coma scale

89
Q

Procedure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) also know as a spinal tap.

A

lumbar puncture

90
Q

Tests the patients concrete and abstract thought processes and long and short term memory.

A

mini mental status examination (MMSE)

91
Q

Tests coordination, sensation balance, and gait.

A

neurologic examination

92
Q

Procedure in which a fracture of the vertebrae is immobilized while it heals. also know as a halo.

A

spinal traction

93
Q

Procedure to remove a tumor or mass from the brain or other part of the nervous system.

A

biopsy

94
Q

procedure to remove plaque from the carotid artery. Risk factor for stroke

A

carotid endarterectomy

95
Q

Surgical incision into the cranium to expose the brain tissue.

A

craniotomy

96
Q

Surgical removal of part of all of a herniated nucleus pulposus from an intervertebral disk.

A

diskectomy

97
Q

Procedure to insert a plastic tube to connect the ventricles of the brain to the peritoneal cavity.

A

ventriculo peritoneal shunt

98
Q

Aspirin, non salicylate drugs, such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs. used to treat mild pain.

A

analgesic drugs

99
Q

suppress inflammation in chronic pain conditions and multiple sclerosis.

A

corticosteroid drugs

100
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

101
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

102
Q

CSF

A

cerebralspinal fluid

103
Q

CT, CAT

A

computed tomography

104
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

105
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

106
Q

GCS

A

Glasgow coma scale

107
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

108
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

109
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

110
Q

NICU

A

neurological intensive care unit

111
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

112
Q

starts at the glomerular capsule then goes to the renal artery, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule and then to the collecting duct carrying the urine to the urethra. Peritubular capillaries surround the nephron.

A

process of making urine

113
Q

also known as strep throat. It comes quickly. Can affect kidneys but you will know beforehand because you will get a rash

A

glomerulonephritis

114
Q

an enlargement due to the kidneys holding urine. Can also lead to kidney stone. This is the aftermath of Nephrolithiasis which is kidney stones. The most common cause is calcium

A

hydronephrosis

115
Q

a general word for any disease of the kidney, basically when the kidneys are infected.

A

nephropathy

116
Q

a hereditary disease that has cysts in the kidneys. You are born with it, it stops the kidneys from working how they’re supposed to

A

polycystic kidney disease

117
Q

an infection of the renal pelvis. It sits in the pelvis of the kidneys

A

pyelonephritis

118
Q

when you lose function of the kidneys it is due to (main cause is diabetes)

A

renal failure

119
Q

too much waste or too much urea in blood

A

uremia

120
Q

a general name for inflammation or infection of the bladder. This is often caused by bacteria in the urethra.

A

cystitis

121
Q

a hernia and it leads to a bulge in the bladder and in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum. The bladder is falling either forward or backward.

A

cystocele

122
Q

your bladder can’t empty on its own and your urine just sits there.

A

neurogenic bladder

123
Q

when you frequently urinate and have involuntary contractions

A

overactive

124
Q

If you can’t empty the bladder because of an obstruction you have

A

urinary retention

125
Q

A congenital condition where the opening of the bladder is in the wrong spot is called

A

epispadias

126
Q

a general term for inflammation or infection of urethra. This is a symptom of the STD gonorrhea

A

urethritis

127
Q

absence of urine

A

anuria

128
Q

presence of bacteria in urine

A

bacteriuria

129
Q

difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

130
Q

involuntary release of urine (bedwetter)

A

enuresis

131
Q

when you urinate often but in small amounts

A

frequency

132
Q

glucose in urine

A

glycosuria

133
Q

blood in urine

A

hematuria

134
Q

not able to have a normal stream of urine, often dribbling

A

hesitancy

135
Q

inability to keep urine in bladder

A

incontinence

136
Q

often urination at night

A

nocturia

137
Q

decreased urine production usually due to renal failure

A

oliguria

138
Q

excessive urine production due to diabetes

A

polyuria

139
Q

WBC in urine

A

pyuria

140
Q

strong urge to urinate and a sense of pressure frequently

A

urgency

141
Q

bacterial infection in the urinary tract, mostly caused by E. coli

A

UTI

142
Q

is a test that is looking for any substance in urine

A

UA

143
Q

an x-ray of the kidneys, uterus, and bladder without contrast dye

A

KUB

144
Q

an x-ray using radiopaque dye. The cye is injected into the renal artery

A

renal angiography

145
Q

When using ultra high-frequency sound waves to produce an image we call it an

A

ultrasonography

146
Q

when you have to stick a tube up through the urethra in order for the patient to urinate. This is done because the patient is not able to urinate on their own

A

catheter

147
Q

When you remove waste products from the blood of a patient who is currently suffering renal failure we call it

A

dialysis

148
Q

when a nurse measures the total intake of fluid and then the output of fluid such as urine

A

I and O

149
Q

a procedure when we are trying to correct stress urinary incontinence

A

Bladder neck suspension

150
Q

is inserted through the urethra and is going to examine the bladder to make sure everything is how it is supposed to be

A

cystoscope

151
Q

a procedure when you are taking out a kidney that doesn’t work properly and a new one is going in

A

kidney transplantation

152
Q

when you use sound waves to break up kidney stones

A

lithotripsy

153
Q

A procedure to surgically remove a kidney that is either diseased or cancerous is called a

A

nephrectomy

154
Q

When making a small incision in the skin and an endoscope is inserted to remove a kidney stone that is embedded it is called a

A

nephrolithotomy

155
Q

this blocks sodium from being absorbed from the tubule back into the blood

A

diuretic drug

156
Q

this drug is basically just a pain reliever, in this case it is relieving pain on the mucosa of the urinary tract

A

analgesic drug

157
Q

cc

A

continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis

158
Q

C and S

A

culture and sensitivity

159
Q

I and O

A

intake and output

160
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelography

161
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, uterus, bladder

162
Q

mL

A

millileter

163
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

anatomy (9 decks)

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