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Psychology > Media Influence On Pro-social Behaviour > Flashcards

Media Influence On Pro-social Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What did Cumberbatch argue about the difference between measuring anti social acts and pro social acts?(1)

A
  1. Cumberbatch argued that anti-social acts are easier to measure and count compared to pro-social acts as pro social acts are more subtle
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2
Q

What are the two theories explaining how media influences pro-social behaviour?(2)

A
  1. Social Learning Theory

2. Parental Mediation

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3
Q

How does social learning theory explain how media influences pro-social behaviour?(2)

A
  1. We observe and imitate models we admire, so if a model is behaving pro-socially then we are likely to imitate the pro-social acts
  2. Replication of these pro-social acts will depend on whether the individual is positively reinforced for behaving pro-socially
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4
Q

What’s study supports Social Learning Theories explanation of how media influences pro-social behaviour?(1)

A
  1. Poulos Lassie study
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5
Q

What was the procedure of Poulos Lassie study and what was found?(2+1)

A
  1. Children split into independent groups to watch an episode of Lassie
  2. Either watched an episode of Lassie where the dog was helped or they watched an episode where the dog was only played with
  3. Found that those who watched the episode where the dog was helped were more likely to help distressed puppies compared to the other group
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6
Q

Evaluation of Paulos Lassie study(4)

A
  1. Demand characteristics
  2. Children- not completely representative
  3. Lacks mundane realism
  4. Individual differences
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7
Q

What have studies found between the age and social learning and what is the reason for what they have found?(2)

A
  1. Studies have found that children are only likely to imitate a pro-social act they have socially learned when they can copy that act exactly (concrete learning).
  2. This is because children do not acquire abstract thoughts until their older.
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8
Q

Overall evaluation of how social learning theory explains media’s affect in pro-social behaviour(2)

A
  1. Media has less of an affect compared to real life models, so studies luck external validity
  2. Research fails to focus on the affects media has in different age groups. Studies tend to focus on children and as adults have better developed brains and have had more life experience, these results cannot be generalised to these adults, thus lowering the external validity of these studies.
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9
Q

What is parental mediation and how does it explain how media influences pro-social behaviour?(2)

A
  1. Parental mediation is where a parent discusses disturbing and ambiguous acts, shown in the media, to their child viewer.
  2. This theory suggests that pro-social acts in the media are more likely to be imitated when a parent discusses with their child why these behaviours and messages are important.
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10
Q

What is the name of the studies that supports Parental Mediation?(2)

A
  1. Johnson and Ettema- Free Styles study

2. Sesame Street studies

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11
Q

What did Johnson and Ettema do and find in their Freestyles study?(4+1)

A
  1. Large scale study
  2. 9-12 year olds
  3. Shown the TV show ‘Freestyles’, a show aimed to reduce sex-role stereotypes, over a 13 week period
  4. Half of the participants also participated in teacher led discussions post viewing
  5. Found that all of the participants acted less stereotypically, especially those who took part in the teacher led discussions
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12
Q

Evaluation of Johnson and Ettema’s Freestyles study(2+3)

A

Positive:

  1. Large scale study- external validity increased
  2. Over a decent amount of time (13 weeks)- increases reliability

Negative:

  1. Demand characteristics- lowers internal validity
  2. 9-12 year olds- lowers external validity
  3. Individual differences- lowers internal validity
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13
Q

Name the study that contradicts Parental Mediation(1)

A
  1. Rubenstein- Psychotic adolescents
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14
Q

What did Rubenstein et al do and find in their psychotic adolescents study?(1+2)

A
  1. Used adolescents who had been hospitalised for psychiatric problems
  2. Found that after post viewing discussions they were less likely to act altruistically
  3. Thought to be because they wanted to act independently so opposed to the adults opinions
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15
Q

Evaluation of Rubenstein’s Psychotic Adolescents study (3)

A
  1. Psychotic adolescents- lowers external validity
  2. Demand characteristics
  3. Unethical- not right frame of mind
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16
Q

What is Sesame Street and what did Rice find when using it in a study?(2)

A
  1. Sesame Street is a TV show with pro-social aims and is thought to reinforce pro-social behaviours
  2. Rice found that Sesame Street does influence pro-social behaviours especially in children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, thought to be because they have better quality and more frequent parental mediation
17
Q

What have studies found about developmental factors and learning pro-social behaviours and how does Mares’ meta-analysis contradicting it?(1+1)

A
  1. Research suggests that the skills needed in order to act pro-socially (empathy and compassion) develop throughout children hood, so younger children should act the least pro-socially
  2. However, Mares’ Meta-Analysis found that primary school children acted most pro-socially and adolescents acted least pro-socially
18
Q

Who found the effects of pro-social viewing?(1)

A
  1. Mares and the meta-analysis
19
Q

What are the three effects of pro-social viewing?(3)

A
  1. Altruism
  2. Self control
  3. Positive interaction with other
20
Q

What are the names of the studies that support altruism being an effect of pro-social viewing?(2)

A
  1. Mares’ meta-analysis

2. Poulos’ Lassie study

21
Q

What did Mares’ meta-analysis find that supports altruism being an effect of pro-social viewing?(1)

A

Mares found that children who watched pro-social content acted more altruistically

22
Q

What’s the names of the studies that support self control as being an effect of pro-social viewing?(2)

A
  1. Mares’ meta-analysis

2. Frederick and Stein- Mr Rogers’ Neighbourhood study

23
Q

What did Mares’ find that supports self control?(1)

A
  1. Mares found that children who watched models who had high self control, they too also had high self control
24
Q

What did Frederick and Stein’s Mr Rogers’ Neighbourhood Study do and find?(2+1)

A
  1. 4 year olds
  2. Either watched an episode of Mr Rogers’ Neighbourhood or a more aggressive TV show such as Batman
  3. Found that those who watched the pro-social TV show had higher levels of task perseverance and obedience to rules compared to those who watched the more aggressive TV show
25
Q

What study supports that positive interaction is an effect of pro-social viewing?(1)

A
  1. Frederick and Stein’s Mr Rogers’ Neighbourhood study
26
Q

What did Frederick and Stein’s Mr Rogers study do and find that supports that positive interaction is an effect of pro-social viewing?(

A
  1. After the initial study, researchers observed the children at play
  2. They found that those who were exposed to the pro-social TV show were more likely to be acting positively towards peers
27
Q

Overall evaluation of the effects of pro-social viewing(1+5)

A

Positive:
1. High control- lowers risk of extraneous variables- highers internal validity

Negative:

  1. Lab- lowers ecological validity- lowers external validity
  2. Anti-social and pro-social acts are subjective
  3. Use of content analysis lowers internal validity due to the fact information may be miss categorised
  4. Demand characteristics- lowers internal validity
  5. Research focuses on children- lowers external validity

Psychology (7 decks)

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