Medical Disorders

Question 1

What should a medical doctor evaluate clients for?

Answer 1

Clients should be evaluated for:
* Sudden cognitive or behavioral changes
* History of head trauma
* No prior history of a psychological disorder
* Symptoms without a known medical diagnosis
* Depression after age 55
* Rashes, swelling, drooping eyelid, facial tic

Symptoms may include hyperactivity, inattentiveness, irritability, sleeping issues, eating issues, pain, and restlessness

Question 2

What can cause Prader-Willi Syndrome?

Answer 2

Prader-Willi Syndrome is caused by a genetic disorder

This disorder can lead to intellectual disability

Question 3

What are the medical symptoms of Prader-Willi Syndrome?

Answer 3

Medical symptoms include:
* Muscle weakness
* Short stature
* Obesity

These symptoms can lead to childhood obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes

Question 4

What are the psychiatric symptoms of Prader-Willi Syndrome?

Answer 4

Psychiatric symptoms include:
* Temper outbursts
* Stubbornness
* Compulsive behaviors (e.g., skin picking)
* Sleep abnormalities

Compulsive behaviors can significantly impact daily functioning

Question 5

True or False: Medical disorders can be mistaken for psychiatric disorders.

Answer 5

True

This is due to behavioral manifestations in individuals

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Depression that occurs for the first time after age _______ should prompt evaluation by a medical doctor.

Answer 6

55

This age marker is significant for potential underlying medical issues

Question 7

What behavioral manifestations might indicate a need for medical evaluation?

Answer 7

Behavioral manifestations may include:
* Mood changes
* Personality changes
* Irritability
* Difficulty concentrating

These changes can often be mistaken for psychiatric disorders

Question 8

What is the cause of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 8

Excessive thyroid hormones

Hyperthyroidism results from an overproduction of thyroid hormones in the body.

Question 9

List three medical symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Answer 9

• Weight loss or increased appetite
• Palpitations
• Heat intolerance

These symptoms indicate the body’s increased metabolic rate due to excess thyroid hormones.

Question 10

What are some psychiatric symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 10

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Hyperactivity
• Restlessness
• Agitation
• Fatigue

These symptoms reflect the impact of hyperthyroidism on mental health.

Question 11

What causes hypothyroidism?

Answer 11

Reduced thyroid activity and lower hormone levels

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones.

Question 12

List three medical symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Answer 12

• Weight gain
• Cold intolerance
• Psychomotor retardation
• Muscle cramps

These symptoms are linked to a decreased metabolic rate and energy production.

Question 13

What psychiatric symptoms can occur with hypothyroidism?

Answer 13

• Fatigue
• Apathy
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Impaired memory
• Delirium and psychosis (with rapid onset)

Severe cases of hypothyroidism can lead to serious psychiatric conditions.

Question 14

What vitamin deficiencies are mentioned as causes of psychiatric symptoms?

Answer 14

• Vitamin D
• Vitamin B-1
• Vitamin B-12
• Folate

These deficiencies can lead to various health issues, including mental health problems.

Question 15

What are some causes of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 15

Limited sunlight exposure

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin through sunlight, and lack of exposure can lead to deficiency.

Question 16

What can lead to vitamin B-1 deficiency?

Answer 16

Alcoholism

Alcohol can interfere with the absorption of vitamin B-1, leading to deficiency.

Question 17

What are some psychiatric symptoms associated with vitamin deficiencies?

Answer 17

• Fatigue
• Depressed mood
• Anxiety
• Agitation
• Memory loss
• Mania and psychosis (with B-12 deficiency)

These psychiatric symptoms can arise from various vitamin deficiencies impacting brain function.

Question 18

What are medical symptoms of sleep disorders?

Answer 18

Difficulty falling asleep, waking up early, trouble staying asleep, abnormal breathing during sleep, excessive sleepiness, sleep attacks at inappropriate times

Includes conditions like sleep apnea and narcolepsy

Question 19

What psychiatric symptoms are associated with sleep disorders?

Answer 19

Depression, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, irritability

These symptoms can significantly impact daily functioning

Question 20

What causes Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

Answer 20

Brain injury caused by direct impact or secondary indirect injuries

Can result from accidents, falls, or sports injuries

Question 21

List medical symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Answer 21

• Cognitive impairments
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Difficulty sleeping
• Vomiting
• Numbness
• Loss of consciousness

Symptoms can vary in severity and duration

Question 22

What psychiatric symptoms are associated with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

Answer 22

Irritability, depression, anger, rage, behavioral problems (impulsivity, aggression, hyperactivity, cognitive deficits)

Behavioral changes can be significant and disruptive

Question 23

What is the cause of Parkinson Disease?

Answer 23

Degeneration of neurons in the brain

Specifically affects dopamine-producing neurons

Question 24

What are the medical symptoms of Parkinson Disease?

Answer 24

• Movement abnormalities
• Tremors (often a resting tremor in the hands)
• Rigidity
• Akinesia (muscle rigidity)
• Bradykinesia (slowness of motion)

These symptoms can lead to significant mobility challenges

Question 25

What psychiatric symptoms may occur in Parkinson Disease?

Answer 25

* Cognitive changes * Depression * Impaired memory and concentration * Slowed psychomotor activity * Anxiety (social phobia, panic disorder) * Restricted affect * Fatigue * Hallucinations and delusions ## Footnote Psychiatric symptoms may develop later in the disease process, often exacerbated by mood disturbances

Question 26

What is the cause of Lyme Disease?

Answer 26

A bacterial infection, often from a deer tick bite ## Footnote Lyme Disease is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected ticks, particularly the black-legged tick.

Question 27

List the medical symptoms of Lyme Disease.

Answer 27

* Joint pain * Flu-like symptoms * Neurological problems * Large rash ## Footnote Lyme Disease can cause a variety of symptoms that may vary in severity and duration.

Question 28

What are the psychiatric symptoms associated with Lyme Disease?

Answer 28

* Depression * Mania * Delirium * Dementia * Psychosis * Obsessions and compulsions * Panic attacks * Personality change ## Footnote Psychiatric symptoms can be severe and impact daily functioning.

Question 29

What is the cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Answer 29

The cause is unknown; it may be a combination of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors ## Footnote MS is considered an immune-mediated disease where the immune system attacks the nervous system.

Question 30

What happens to the body in Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 30

The body's immune system attacks its own tissues and eats away at the protective covering of nerves ## Footnote This results in nerve damage that disrupts communication between the brain and the body.

Question 31

List the medical symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis.

Answer 31

* Fatigue * Difficulty swallowing * Vision issues (blurriness and/or pain) * Changes in gait * Loss of balance or coordination * Loss of bladder and/or bowel control * Speech difficulties * Muscle stiffness, weakness and spasms * Numbness and tingling ## Footnote Symptoms can vary widely among individuals and may worsen over time.

Question 32

What are the psychiatric symptoms associated with Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 32

* Anxiety * Mood swings * Depression * Erectile dysfunction or sexual dysfunction * Issues around thinking, learning, and planning ## Footnote Studies indicate a high prevalence of depression among individuals with MS, with reports of around 50% lifetime prevalence.

Question 33

True or False: Lyme Disease can cause neurological problems.

Answer 33

True ## Footnote Neurological symptoms can include a range of issues such as memory problems and cognitive dysfunction.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The medical symptoms of Lyme Disease include _______.

Answer 34

Joint pain, flu-like symptoms, neurological problems, large rash ## Footnote These symptoms can emerge within days to weeks after a tick bite.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: Multiple Sclerosis is considered an _______ disease.

Answer 35

immune mediated ## Footnote This classification reflects the role of the immune system in the pathology of the disease.