Medical Emergencies

Question 1

Most important aspect of dealing with medical emergencies.

Answer 1

Prevention

Question 2

Primary responsibilities of the dentist.

Answer 2

• PREVENTION
• Preparation
• BLS
• Basic emergency medicine procedures
• Procurement of help/transport

Question 3

How to prevent medical emergencies:

Answer 3

• Appropriate med hx and physical exam
• Medical consult if needed
• Patient monitoring

Question 4

If needed, request a statement from the doctor that:

Answer 4

The patient is in optimal condition for the planned procedure.

Question 5

Monitoring needed for healthy patients being treated with LA alone or with minimal sedation:

Answer 5

• General appearance of patient
• Level of consciousness
• Level of comfort
• Muscle tone
• Color of skin/mucosa
• Respiratory pattern

Question 6

These are unaffected in minimal sedation.

Answer 6

Ventilation and CV function

Question 7

These patients have smaller degrees of respiratory and cardiovascular reserve.

Answer 7

Children

Question 8

When moderate sedation is used, additional monitoring is needed:

Answer 8

• BP
• Pulse Ox
• Ventilation

Question 9

The arterial oxygen measurement determined by pulse oximetry.

Answer 9

SpO2

Question 10

This uses the light absorptive characteristics of Hemoglobin AND the pulsating nature of blood flow in the artereis to determine oxygen status.

Answer 10

Pulse Ox

Question 11

Absorbs infrared light

Answer 11

Oxygenated Hb

Question 12

Absorbs red light

Answer 12

Deoxygenated Hb

Question 13

Probe that can be used in small babies on the cheekfrom the inside to outside the mouth.

Answer 13

Ear probes

Question 14

Can nail polish and hennna impact the reading of a pulse ox?

Answer 14

YES!

Question 15

Avoid this in order to get an accurate reading on the pulse ox.

Answer 15

Bright lights in the operating room.

Question 16

A common problem in recovery that can result in an abnormal reading and cause confusion.

Answer 16

Shivering

Question 17

T/F: Perfusion is needed for a pulse ox reading.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Can pulse oximeters detect Hb bound to CO?

Answer 18

No. So they exaggerate the SpO2 reading.

Question 19

Clinically acceptable level of Sp02?

Answer 19

95-100%

Question 20

Is pulse ox real time?

Answer 20

No because it’s measuring arterial O2 saturation, which may be different than the amount of oxygen being inhaled into the lungs.

Question 21

Is capnography real time?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Measures expired CO2.

Answer 22

Capnography

Question 23

Capnography monitors this.

Answer 23

Ventilation

Question 24

Capnography uses what kind of spectrometry?

Answer 24

Infrared

Question 25

Measures end tidal CO2

Answer 25

Capnography

Question 26

This is what the capnograph looks like when the patient is not breathing (apnea) or when there's an obstruction of the airway.

Answer 26

Flat baseline

Question 27

Instrument for listening to heart and lung sounds.

Answer 27

Precordial stethoscope

Question 28

Wheezing means what?

Answer 28

Bronchospasm

Question 29

No breath sounds mean what?

Answer 29

-Complete laryngospasm, bronchospasm, or obstruction.

Question 30

Pulse ox's and capnographs give what kind of data?

Answer 30

Quantitative

Question 31

Stethoscopes give what kind of data?

Answer 31

Qualitative

Question 32

Respiratory and heart rates go up or down as we get older?

Answer 32

Down

Question 33

The initial primary goal of BLS is:

Answer 33

Establishing and maintaining an airway.

Question 34

The final common pathway leading to morbidity and mortality in the majority of severe pediatric medical emergency situations.

Answer 34

Hypoxemia

Question 35

The primary emergency drug.

Answer 35

Oxygen

Question 36

You wany what percent oxygen, and for how long?

Answer 36

90% at 10 L/min for 1 hr. Minimum E cylinder size.

Question 37

Use this if the patient is not breathing spontaneously.

Answer 37

Positive pressure ventilation.

Question 38

Delivers the highest concentration of oxygen to a SPONTANEOUSLY breathing patient.

Answer 38

Non-rebreather facemask

Question 39

% O2 delivered in mouth-to-mouth, and mouth-to-mask:

Answer 39

16

Question 40

For child rescue breathing, one breath every _______ ?

Answer 40

3-5 seconds

Question 41

For adult rescue breathing, one breath every _____?

Answer 41

5-6 seconds

Question 42

Used for positive pressure ventilation.

Answer 42

Bag-valve-mask

Question 43

Can deliver close to 100% O2?

Answer 43

Bag-valve-mask

Question 44

Bag-valve-mask is used when the patient is or isn't breathing?

Answer 44

IS NOT!