Nitrous

Question 1

_____ synthesized nitrous.

_____ discovered anesthesia.

Answer 1

Priestley

Wells

Question 2

Analgesic/Anxiolytic agent causing CNS depression and euphoria with little effect on the respiratory system.

Answer 2

Nitrous

Question 3

Minimally impairs reflexes, thus protecting the cough reflex.

Answer 3

Nitrous

Question 4

Nitrous is the least potent ________.

Answer 4

general anesthetic

Question 5

Where is nitrous held in the blood?

Answer 5

Serum

Question 6

Measure of potency.

Answer 6

MAC

Question 7

Concentration of gas needed to produce immobility in 50% of patients.

Answer 7

MAC (minimum alveolar concentration)

Question 8

Nitrous causes analgesia bc it causes:

Answer 8

Release of endogenous opioids.

Question 9

Nitrous causes anxiolysis bc:

Answer 9

Activates GABA receptors

Question 10

________ + ________ = successful injection

Answer 10

Nitrous + Distraction

Question 11

Nitrous will not eliminate the need for this, except in minor dental procedures.

Answer 11

Local anesthetic

Question 12

Continue this while using nitrous

Answer 12

Behavior guidance techniques

Question 13

Nitrous reduces this reflex.

Answer 13

Gag

Question 14

Nitrous is used when this can’t be obtained.

Answer 14

profound local anesthesia

Question 15

Nausea and Vomiting from nitrous increase when you have:

Answer 15

1) Longer administration
2) Fluctuations in nitrous oxide levels
3) Increased concentration of nitrous
4) Rapid induction and reversal (no titration)

Question 16

Ideal percent nitrous for kids.

Answer 16

30-40%

Question 17

Contraindications to nitrous

Answer 17

Can
Everyone
Please
Be
More
Conscientious

Question 18

C
E
P
B
M
C

Answer 18

COPD
Emotional Disturbances
Pregnancy (first trimester)
Bleomycin Sulfate Tx
MTHFR deficiency
Cobalamin deificiency

Question 19

Can patients with asthma receive nitrous?

Answer 19

Yes bc it’s not irritating to the tissues

Question 20

Can nitrous be used for patients with a hypoxic drive?

Answer 20

No bc you eliminate their drive to breathe.

Question 21

Lack of oxygen causes them to breathe.

Answer 21

Hypoxic drive

Question 22

Anti-neoplastic drug used to treat certain types of cancer.

Answer 22

Bleomycin sulfate

Question 23

Why is MTHFR deficiency a contraindication to nitrous?

Answer 23

Because people with MTHFR deficiency have increased homocysteine levels in the body.

Nitrous increases homocysteine levels as well, exacerbating the problem.

Question 24

Why is nitrous contraindicated in patients with Cobalamin deficiency?

Answer 24

Bc it irreversibly oxidizes the Cobalt atom in Vit B12

Question 25

Cobalamin is what vitamin?

Answer 25

B12

Question 26

Why is nitrous contraindicated in patients with acute otitis media, bowel obstruction, or recent retinal surgery?

Answer 26

Because nitrous expands gas-filled spaces, like the middle ear, retina, and bowels, and can cause pain or rupture of the space.

Question 27

Has there ever been a known reported allergy to nitrous (N20)?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

Gas flow goal of nitrous.

Answer 28

Match tidal volume to gas flow.

Question 29

The amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing.

Answer 29

Tidal volume

Question 30

Tidal volume in adults

Answer 30

500 mL

Question 31

The amt of air moved into or out of the lungs in a minute.

Answer 31

Minute Volume

Question 32

How to calculate minute volume.

Answer 32

(Tidal Volume)(Respiratory Rate)

Question 33

Average minute volume

Answer 33

6-7 L/min

Question 34

As we grow from child to adult _________ increases and ________ decreases.

Answer 34

Tidal volume Respiratory rate

Question 35

Minute volume for 4 y.o

Answer 35

4 L/min

Question 36

Minute volume for adults

Answer 36

6 L/min

Question 37

The reservoir bag should be _____ full and pulsate with each breath.

Answer 37

2/3

Question 38

NItrous concentration should not exceed what?

Answer 38

50%

Question 39

How are the palms when optimal sedation is achieved?

Answer 39

Warm and slightly moist

Question 40

This nitrous induction technique is used for children who may be on the edge of losing coping abilities and need to be controlled quickly.

Answer 40

Rapid Induction Technique

Question 41

Nitrous may be added to the oxygen prior to seating of the nasal hood in which patients?

Answer 41

Claustrophobic patients

Question 42

When does diffusion hypoxia occur?

Answer 42

When nitrous concentrations are high (70%).