Medical Science Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
What are cells?
A
Building blocks of living things
2
Q
What three parts do an animal cell contain?
A
- Nucleus,
- Cell Membrane,
- Cytoplasm
3
Q
What is the job of the nucleus?
A
Controls the cells activities and contains DNA
4
Q
What is the job of the cytoplasm?
A
Site of chemical reactions.
5
Q
What is the job of the cell membrane?
A
Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
6
Q
Identify the parts of an animal cell that are shown.
A
See diagram below.
7
Q
What are the three main parts of blood?
A
- Red Blood Cells,
- White Blood Cells,
- Plasma
8
Q
What is the function of red blood cells?
A
Carry oxygen round the body
9
Q
What is the function of white blood cells?
A
White blood cells fight disease.
10
Q
What two ways can white blood cells fight disease?
A
- Produce antibodies to kill microorganisms
- Engulf and consume the microorganism
11
Q
What is the function of plasma?
A
It is the liquid part of blood
12
Q
What is the job of the heart?
A
Pumps blood around the body
13
Q
How many chambers does the heart have?
A
4
14
Q
What are the names of the four chambers in the heart?
A
- Right Atrium
- Left Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Left Ventricle
15
Q
Which side of the body pumps blood to the lungs?
A
Right
16
Q
Which side of the body pumps blood to the body?
A
Left
17
Q
Why is blood pumped to the lungs?
A
To pick up oxygen
18
Q
What is the purpose of valves in the heart?
A
To keep blood flowing in one direction
19
Q
Identify the 4 chambers in the heart from the diagram.
A
See diagram below.
20
Q
What is fertilisation?
A
The joining together of a sperm and an ova
21
Q
What is the male sex cell called?
A
Sperm
22
Q
What is the female sex cell called?
A
Ova (plural) or Ovum (singular)
23
Q
Where does fertilisation occur?
A
In the oviduct
24
Q
Where does the fertilised ovum implant itself?
A
In the uterus
25
Where does the embryo grow?
In the uterus
26
How does the embryo receive food and oxygen?
Through the blood in the umbilical cord
27
Where is the food and oxygen from the mother's blood passed into the embryo's blood?
Placenta
28
What harmful substances can be passed to the embryo?
* alcohol
* nicotine
* illegal drugs
29
What does the amniotic fluid do?
Protects the embryo in the uterus
30
Can we hear ultrasound?
No
31
What is meant by ultrasound?
Frequencies above 20,000Hz
32
What can ultrasound be used for?
To create an image of an unborn baby
33
Why are ultrasound scans carried out on unborn babies?
To check if the embryo is developing properly
34
What can ultrasound be used for, other than ultrasound scans on unborn babies?
* Treating Kidney Stones
* Imaging organs
* treating joint pain
35
How is an ultrasound image produced?
Transducer transmits and receives ultrasound. Ultrasound transmitted into mothers body Ultrasound reflects from baby Reflection data fed into a computer that builds up the image
36
Where is the skull?
The bone in your head
37
Where is the clavicle?
The collar bone
38
Where is the humerus?
Large bone in upper arm
39
Where is the radius?
Turn hand so that thumb is furthest away from body. Radius is the outermost bone of the lower arm.
40
Where is the ulna?
Turn hand so that thumb is furthest away from body. Ulna is the innermost bone of the lower arm.
41
Where are the ribs?
Trunk of body
42
Where is the femur?
Thigh Bone
43
Where is the patella?
It is the kneecap
44
Where is the tibia?
Thick bone in lower part of leg.
45
Where is the fibula?
Thin bone in lower part of leg
46
Can you see an X-ray?
No
47
What can be used to detect X-rays?
Photographic film
48
What can X-rays make images of?
* Bones,
* organs,
* tumours
49
Why do bones appear white on an X-ray?
The bone absorbs the X-ray so the photographic film is not exposed. The rest of the film fogs.
50
Why do we not use X-rays to make images of unborn babies?
X-rays can damage the developing embryo
51
How can we detect a broken bone on an X-ray?
X-rays can pass through the gaps in the broken bones, so they show up as a dark line on the white unexposed area of the bone.
52
Give an advantage of using X-rays for diagnosis?
No need to cut the person open to see what is happening.
53
Can you see infrared radiation?
No
54
What can you use to detect infrared?
* Special film,
* infrared thermometers,
* special cameras
55
What other word can be used for infrared?
heat
56
What is a thermogram?
An image made using the heat given off by a body.
57
Suggest two conditions where heat or a thermogram can be useful.
Thermograms can be used to:
* Identify circulation problems,
* Identify whiplash,
* Identify arthritis,
* Identify skin cancer
* Infrared can be used to treat muscle strain.
58
State one advantage of using infrared radiation in medicine.
Do not need to cut the person open to make a diagnosis.
59
Can we see UV light?
No
60
What effect can UV have on certain chemicals?
It can make them glow or fluoresce
61
Where can UV light making things fluoresce be used?
Security markings on driving licenses or bank cards Security ink to write on belongings Washing powders Security markings on bank notes
62
What can over exposure to UV cause?
* Sunburn
* Skin cancer
* Damage to eyes
* Skin aging
63
Why will skiing or beach holidays increase your UV exposure?
Snow and water reflect UV light increasing your exposure
64
Name two conditions that can be improved by exposure to UV light?
* Psoriasis
* Vitiligo
* Eczema
* Acne
65
How can you reduce your exposure to UV light?
* Wear sun cream
* Wear a hat
* Cover up
* Avoid the midday sun
66
Why is UV light essential to the body?
Helps in production of vitamin D
67
State one problem associated with Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
68
In digestion what do enzymes do?
Break down food chemically
69
What is meant by digestion?
It is the breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules.
70
What are the parts of the digestive system in order?
1. Mouth,
2. Gullet,
3. Stomach,
4. Small intestine,
5. Large intestine,
6. Rectum,
7. Anus
71
What does the stomach contain?
Acid
72
What happens in the small intestine?
Food is completely broken down and passes into the bloodstream
73
What happens in the large intestine?
Excess water is absorbed
74
What happens in the rectum?
Waste is stored here until it is ready to pass out of the body.
75
On the diagram where is the gullet?
Shown on diagram
76
On the diagram where is the stomach?
Shown on diagram
77
On the diagram where is the large intestine?
Shown on diagram
78
On the diagram where is the small intestine?
Shown on diagram
79
On the diagram where is the rectum?
Shown on diagram
80
What are the four types of teeth?
1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Premolars
4. Molars
81
What are incisors for?
Biting
82
What are canines for?
Tearing
83
What are premolars for?
Grinding and chewing
84
What are molars for?
Grinding and chewing
85
What are the two parts of the tooth?
1. Crown
2. Root
86
What is the hard substance that covers a tooth called?
Enamel
87
What is the soft substance under the enamel in a tooth called?
Dentine
88
What is the purpose of teeth?
To break down food mechanically
89
How can plaque damage teeth?
It contains bacteria that produces acid that can lead to tooth decay.
90
What is neutralisation?
It when an acid or alkali is added to a substance to bring it to pH 7
91
What pH are acids?
pH 1-6
92
What pH are alkalis?
pH 8-14
93
What pH is neutral?
pH 7
94
What colour does universal indicator go in an acid?
Red
95
What colour does universal indicator go in an alkali?
Blue/Purple
96
What colour does universal indicator go in a neutral substance?
Green
97
What is the pH of the strongest acid?
pH 1
98
What is the pH of the weakest acid?
pH 6
99
What is the pH of the strongest alkali?
pH 14
100
What is the pH of the weakest alkali?
pH 8
101
What causes heartburn and indigestion?
Excess stomach acid
102
What can cure indigestion and heartburn?
* Indigestion tablets
* Rennies
103
What can excess stomach acid cause?
* Heartburn
* Indigestion
104
How do indigestion tablets work?
They neutralise excess acid in the stomach
105
Why do we use toothpaste?
It is an alkali to neutralise plaque acid
106
What do toothpastes contain to neutralise acid?
sodium carbonate
107
What is the function of the skeleton?
* Protects vital organs
* Supports the body
