Medieval Ages Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
True or False: Donatist Controversy happened while Augustine was alive.
A
False. Augustines contributions were added nearly 70 years later.
2
Q
What was the Donatist Controversy?
A
A group of priests who gave up their faith during Roman persecution and then wanted to return to the church after Constantine accepted faith in the empire. Would they be allowed to hop back into leadership or not?
3
Q
what types of things did the Roman Government demand from priests as a form of persecution?
A
their copy of scriptures, lists of Christians in the area, Lords supper materials, or Lists of bishops
4
Q
Who were traditores?
A
Anyone leaders who betrayed church or faith (includes people who only handed over items not abandoned faith completely)
5
Q
What key question was raised from the Donatist controversy?
A
How does the church respond after a period of persecution?
6
Q
What does Cyprian add to the Donatist controversy?
A
bishops have to trace themselves back to apostles BC the church NEEDS bishops
7
Q
Cyprian says the church is characterized by ______
A
Apostolicity
8
Q
Donatist says that the church is categorized by its _____
A
Holiness
9
Q
Cyprian believes traditores _____ be let in and Donatist believes traditores _____ be let in
A
should, shouldn’t
10
Q
traditores unholiness _____ the church according to donatist.
A
invalidates
11
Q
other name for the donatist party…
A
rigorist party
12
Q
Which city had two bishops in 313 that didn’t acknowledge each other?
A
Carthage
13
Q
who were the rival bishops in Carthage in 313?
A
Donatist and a traditore
14
Q
the donatist is a controversy of ______ not _____
A
Behavior, Teaching
15
Q
What three words did Augustine say the church is?
A
Apostolic, Holy, and Catholic
16
Q
Ex Opere Operato means…
A
by the work worked… sacraments are enough because of the action itself
17
Q
Augustine says the church is apostolic which means…
A
anyone rightly put into office has the authority to conduct the ministry of Christ. (Anyone revoked from a position then doesn’t have authority to do so)
18
Q
Any sacrament done by a traditore is _____
A
invalid
19
Q
Augustine says that any sacrament done by a traditore is ________ Because_____.
A
valid, God appointed them and does the work not the bishop
20
Q
Augustine says the church is holy which means_____.
A
the holiness of the church is based on union with christ through the HS– NOT based on actions of people.
21
Q
when the church is ______ it becomes holy.
A
united to Christ
22
Q
What parable relates to the visible and indivisible church?
A
the wheat and the tares
23
Q
what is the visible church?
A
all those who claim to be or identify as followers of Christ.
24
Q
what is the invisible church?
A
all those who really are followers of Christ.
25
Augustine says the church is Catholic which means...
church is one united church for one God.
26
donatist are not apart of the one, true church because...
they dont agree with Augustines definitions of apostolic, holy, and catholic
27
What controversial thing did Augustine do against the Donatist party?
Let the Roman military take over (Donatists were also using force)
28
What did Augustines approval of military force start?
The use of government in fighting the church battles
29
the church is marked by ______,_______, and _______.
union with God, each other and the truth
30
what US city is comparable to Carthage?
Las Vegas ("sinful" culture)
31
who saw the problems in Carthage and proposed a theology solution?
Pelagius
32
what was a common view of sin in Carthage?
that God knows everything and what will happen so in short HE makes people sin
33
What words do Pelagius and Augustine discuss to try and fix the sin problem in Carthage?
Sin, Grace, Free will, and salvation
34
what are the 3 aspects of free will according to Pelagius?
capacity, volition, and action
35
what does capacity mean? (Pelagius)
ability to do good or evil (Gods gift to us-- able to do good)
36
What does Volition mean? (Pelagius)
the will to do good or evil
37
What does action mean? (Pelagius)
act itself which is either good or evil (where sin happens)
38
what is Pelagius definition of sin?
any action that violates Gods law
39
what's Pelagius definition of grace?
Gods response to sin
40
what 4 things fall under Gods grace according to Pelagius? (they are gifts to us)
Free will, the law, teachings, forgiveness
41
why is the law a gift from God?
He makes it clear of what he wants and expects from us
42
why is teaching on the law a gift from God?
it helps us interpret the law and understand it
43
why is forgiveness a gift from God?
it cleanses us from sin
44
what type of grace is forgiveness?
restorative
45
what type of grace is free will, the law, and teachings on the law?
preventative
46
What was Pelagius view on salvation?
it comes through right relationship with God and perfect living OR forgiveness (two types of grace = two routes to salvation)
47
Who did Pelagius think lived a perfect life beside Jesus?
job
48
what does Pelagius view on salvation deny?
Original Sin (Adams sin only effects Adam/ humanity has a non-headship relationship to him)
49
explain natural headship
all of humanity is in Adam. he is like a spiritual father. what he does we do. (ex: pregnant women can't do certain things when pregnant)
50
explain federal headship
the idea that Adam is our appointed representative. We elected him so whatever he does we all do. Jesus is the second Adam and corrects living so that what he does we do.
51
What was Augustines view on sin?
Any NATURE that is contrary to God's will and inevitably results in action that violate God's law (focus on WHERE the actions are rooted)
52
What was Augustine's view on Grace?
forgiveness and new creation through Jesus Christ
53
What portion of Grace does Augustine disagree with Pelagius?
the law -- is not a form of grace because you can follow the law out of fear of punishment and that no longer constitutes as grace
54
what is Augustine's definition of Free Will?
Ability to act within your nature
55
what does posse non peccare mean?
possible NOT to sin
56
What does non posse non peccare mean?
not possible not to sin
57
What does non posse peccare mean?
not possible to sin
58
What is augustines view on salvation?
being in right relationship with God through the death and resurrection of Jesus which by the power of the HS brings new creation
59
What happens to Rome when it is declining? (city and empire)
barbarians attack it
60
what does papacy mean?
power of the pope
61
Which city does the pope come from?
Rome
62
Who is the first bishop to make an argument for the need for a pope?
Leo I
63
What key person from the NT does Leo I look to for arguing the papacy?
Peter
64
Why is the bishop of Rome the pope? (Why not any other city?)
Because Peter was a pope in Rome and so they follow apostolic succession
65
what were some political things happening in Rome while Leo I was fighting for the papacy?
Council of Chalcedon, Attila the Hun advancing on Rome, Vandals attempting to attack Rome
66
Who saved Rome when tribes tried to invade and destroy?
Leo I
67
who was a highly organized pope?
Gregory the Great
68
Which pope used church land to grow crops and feed the poor?
Gregory the Great
69
Which pope established the pope as a political leader?
Gregory the great
70
Which pope was attacked and didn't know if they could be pope anymore?
Leo III
71
Leo III's authority was in jeopardy so who did he call on to bring in military aid?
Charles the Great (King of the Franks)
72
To repay Charles the Great for helping win over the papacy, Leo III did what?
made him the emperor
73
what is another name for Charles the great?
Charlemagne
74
What major Church history event happened in 1054?
Great Schism
75
What branches of the church split in 1054?
Western and Eastern
76
the bishop of Rome and the bishop of Constantinople ______ each other.
Excommunicated
77
What is feudalism?
when power is based on land ownership
78
Under the feudal system what group was the largest in Europe?
surfers or peasants
79
What was the highest status of land ownership in the feudal system?
lords
80
Why did feudalism effect the church?
it was embedded in it, bishops lived on lord land and the church owned land
81
what is the definition of Laymen?
anyone who doesn't hold church office
82
what is the definition of simony?
the buying and selling of church offices
83
who said that only church leaders can elect church offices?
Gregory the 7th
84
Who clashed with Gregory (7)?
Henry (4)
85
What did Gregory do to Henry 4th
excommunicate him
86
What did Henry do to Gregory after Gregory let him back in?
chased him into exile where he died a year later
87
What decision was reached about the Kings rights in lay investiture at the Concordat of Worms?
Kings can be present for church office elections and will recognize the candidate with their lay rights and duties but a rep. from the church will recognize the candidate with the spiritual rights.
88
What power was Innocent the 3rd known for using?
Excommunication and/or interdict
89
What is excommunication?
being cast out of communion with the church
90
What are examples of the punishments of excommunication?
no sacraments, no access to church, no oaths, can't be married
91
What is interdict?
an entire country being excommunicated from the church.
92
Why was the church committed to the crusades in the first place?
Because of its relationship to the state, it was pulled into the political war.
93
Which group did christians attack through the crusades?
Muslims
94
What is the purpose of monasticism?
to cast out distractions of the world and focus on God
95
What two types of monasticism were there?
solitary and Communal
96
What are the 3 vows of monasticism?
Poverty, Celibacy, and Obedience
97
What do the 3 vows of monasticism communicate?
you are willing to give up the powers of the world. (ex. if you had kids you could gain wealth by marrying them off into the right family)
98
Who created The Rule for monastic communities?
Benedict
99
Why did secular communities center themselves around monasteries?
Monks were known for taking care of others and so if their community was attacked they could turn to the monks. Along with the fact that monasteries were often "off-limits" to attackers
100
What was the monastic revival called that happened under The Rule?
Cluny
101
What was the typical pattern of medieval monastic revivals?
Revival, success bc of revival, and then corruption because of success, restart
102
Name a few orders of monks.
Benedictines, Cistercians, Franciscans, Dominicans
103
Who are the Franciscans named after?
Francis of Assisi
104
Why is Francis of Assisi known as an advocate or someone who stands out?
He "went on a crusade" to share the gospel, not fight in battle.
105
What is the female order of the Franciscans?
The Poor Claires
106
What experience changed Dominics view and pushed him to monasticism?
When he went to southern France to wash out a heresy centered on poverty. It revealed a mission to live "simply" and preach the true gospel
107
What is another nickname for the Dominican order?
Black Friers
108
What are Mendicant orders known for?
Being Beggars
109
What do Dominicans value?
education
110
Both Franciscans and Dominicans are associated with what order?
mendicant
111
What key question derives from scholasticism and mysticism?
How can I best and fully know God?
112
What is scholasticism's answer to the question, "How can I best and fully know God?"
Faith seeking understanding
113
Who said "Faith seeking understanding?"
Anselm
114
What was scholastics strategy to understanding God?
Explore with reason what they already knew to be true about faith
115
What are ontological arguments?
finding reason for faith beliefs
116
What was Thomas Aquinas nickname?
Dumb Ox
117
Thomas aquinas was a ______ monk
Dominican
118
The search for truth belongs to both _____ and _____ according to Aquinas
Theology and philosophy
119
_____ is limited to human reason whereas _____ is not limited bc it comes through God.
philosophy, theology
120
All information necessary for _____ is revealed by ______
Salvation, God
121
who argues that not everyone has time or the ability to think philosophically?
Thomas Aquinas
122
What was a result of scholasticism?
more universities that taught the Yes and No method
123
Scholasticism marries ______ and ______ but still favors ______
Faith and reason, faith
124
How does Mysticism answer the question, "How can I best and fully know God?"
Through ecstatic, revelatory experiences
125
what were mystics strategy to understanding God better?
hoping to apply experiences to what they already know to be true about faith
126
because of Gods infinite transcendence, there is a _____ __ ______ surrounding him
cloud of unknowing
127
What were mystics consumed by during these revelatory experiences?
Love
128
What gender made up the mystic population?
Female
129
Why did women lean towards mysticism?
it was a way they could experience God due to their lack of knowledge. the HS made room for them
130
Name a Female Mystic
Margery Kempe, Catherine of Sienna, Julian of Norwich
131
What are the dangers of mysticism?
It goes around Jesus, the HS, or scriptural guidelines
132
What was the main issue in the Babylonian captivity of the papacy?
Bishops lived in France and never went to Rome. Their attention and resources were given to France
133
What is Pluralism?
practice of one person holding more than one clerical office
134
What is absenteeism?
practice of a person who held an office not being present in the region they held spiritual power in
135
What divided Europe in 1377?
The great papal schism
136
What movement was supposed to solve the great papal schism?
the conciliar movement
137
What council solved the issue of having 3 popes?
Council of Constance
138
Who was the declared pope after the council of constance?
Martin V
139
What was a result of the Conciliar movement?
Wanted 1 declared pope, went in with 2 rival popes, ended with 3 rival popes
140
after the council of constance, the church realized how much power ______ had.
Councils
141
Martin V denounced everything the _________ did except for declaring him pope.
council of Constance
142
What is sacerdotalism?
When a priest has too much power
143
When the church was corrupted... Priests were seen as ______ to God.
Gatekeepers
144
What things did Priests gatekeep from lay people?
Scripture, sacraments, forgiveness
145
How did the church handle sin?
Penance, Meritorious works, Treasury of merit, indulgences
146
What is penance?
Punishment imposed by church so God doesn't have to punish you. Ex. Prayer, pilgrimage to the Holy Land
147
Why is penance dangerous?
Church can make people of their dirty work and call it holy
148
What are meritorious works?
Works of virtue that produce merit in the soul
149
What is treasury of merit?
When priests dish out other peoples merit (Jesus, saints, pope) to those who dont have much (sinners)
150
What are indulgences?
Church offers someone merit in exchange for a contribution (mainly monetary)
151
The churches way of handling sin benefitted ______ not _______
the church, the people
152
Name a would be reformer
John Wycliffe, John Hus
153
What were corrupt practices that John Wycliffe addressed?
Revelation (scripture access), Authority, Ecclesiology, Lords Supper
154
Wycliffe advocated for translating the Bible into ______
English
155
What is the Magisterium?
ordained offices of the church
156
Why didn't the church want to translate the Bible to English?
They wanted to gatekeep the power
157
Wycliffe argues that transubstantiation is ______
docetic
158
John Hus says that lay people should receive _______
Both kinds of communion
159
What element of communion were lay people given?
the body
160
Hus says that you dont have to obey an _______ authority.
immoral
161
Where was John Hus arrested?
Council of Constance
