Reformation Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
What was Humanism?
A
Going back to the original source (used within academic circles)
2
Q
Who was the primary humanist?
A
Erasmus
3
Q
What was Erasmus’ approach to reformation?
A
Shepard people in the right direction
4
Q
What was Luthers approach to reformation?
A
aggressiveness and made people take a side
5
Q
Because Erasmus wasn’t aggressive, he ended up defending _______.
A
the Catholic Church
6
Q
What did the pope send Luther that started an uproar?
A
A Boll calling him a heretic
7
Q
What did Luther do with the Boll and other important documents?
A
burned them
8
Q
What was Luther’s assumed role in his family?
A
He was supposed to be educated, become a lawyer, and pull his family into a higher class
9
Q
What happened to Luther when he was 20 years old?
A
He was caught in a rain storm and feared that he would meet God
10
Q
Who does Luther make a vow with during the rain storm?
A
St Ann
11
Q
What did Luther vow during the rain storm?
A
that if he survived he would become an Augustine monk
12
Q
Luther was very _____ in his monk lifestyle.
A
Legalistic
13
Q
What NT jewish sect did Luther resemble and why?
A
Pharisees because he was a strong rule follower and never felt as if he had repented of every sin
14
Q
Who was anxious that not all sins were forgiven and that they needed to confess unknown sins?
A
Luther
15
Q
What did the person Luther was confessing to say to him after Luther was repenting excessively?
A
that he just needs to love God
16
Q
When Luther was told he needed to just Love God, what did that make him realize?
A
that he hated God because he saw him as an UNFAIR JUDGE who would condemn not matter what
17
Q
What did Luthers monastery do with him to “cure” him?
A
Sent him to Uni. of Wittenburg to teach theology
18
Q
What was the first class that Luther taught?
A
Psalms
19
Q
What did teaching on the book of Psalm teach Luther?
A
That christ experienced similar despair as him
20
Q
What was the second class Luther taught?
A
Romans
21
Q
What did teaching romans reveal to Luther?
A
passive righteousness
22
Q
what is passive righteousness? (Luther)
A
righteousness of Christ is loaned by faith so that we can be in right relationship with God
23
Q
What is active righteousness? (Luther)
A
righteousness is the position against sin and the work of punishing sin
24
Q
God’s righteousness is the active work of …
A
God making sinners righteous
25
Luther fought for ______ through ______ alone.
Justification, faith
26
Prior to his romans revelation, Luther thought that God destroyed _____ not their _____.
sinners, sin
27
What was the scholarly way of having conversations in the early 14th century?
posting theses
28
What is posting theses equivalent to our way of life?
posting an update on Facebook
29
Luther originally posted ____ theses.
97
30
Who was selling indulgences when Luther posted his theses?
John Tetzel
31
Why is Luther upset with John Tetzel?
Because justification comes through faith not indulgences
32
In response to John Tetzel, Luther does what?
Posts 95 theses meant for scholars in 1517
33
True or False: Luther was trying to start a revolt among lay people when he posted the 95 theses?
false. someone translated the theses from latin and mass distributed them to lay people using the printing press
34
what invention aided Luthers reformation?
the printing press
35
How did the lay people respond to Luthers Theses?
they were upset with the corruption of the church
36
Name a method of theology
theology of glory, theology of the cross
37
What is theology of glory?
wanting to know god apart from suffering and the crucified christ
38
what is a theology of the cross?
knowing god only in and through the crucified christ
39
a theology of glory points to ...
works
40
a theology of the cross points to...
Jesus and his suffering
41
Luther rejects _____
scholasticism
42
according to Luther, The word of God is _____
Jesus
43
according to Luther, God makes himself known through ____
Jesus
44
according to Luther, there is nothing that is ______ apart from Jesus.
the word of God
45
according to Luther, Scripture is the _____ to God's work in Jesus.
witness
46
What book does Luther believe shouldn't be canon?
James
47
according to Luther, all scripture should ....
point to Jesus
48
according to Luther, The gospel is not a _____ but a ______
message, person
49
According to Luther, all scripture must be ______ in a way that agrees with ______
interpreted, the gospel
50
Who was still excluded from Luther priesthood of all believers?
women
51
What was Luthers priesthood of all believers rooted in?
that we are justified by faith and no longer need a priest to be a gatekeeper. we all receive the HS
52
Luther viewed law and gospel as _____ and _______
judgement and grace
53
Luther doesn't see a positive view of the law because it ....
reveals and condemns sin
54
Luther lacks a theology of ______ because his theology of ________ is so loud
sanctification, justification
55
what does sanctification mean?
becoming more like Jesus
56
what does "Simul Justus et Peccator" mean?
at the same time both justified and a sinner
57
Luther thought that if you truly loved god and were doing what you want....
what you would be doing are the things of God
58
True or false: Luther said that God doesn't care what you do
false. it just seems like this because his understanding of sanctification is lacking
59
according to Luthers understanding of law and grace, law brings what?
condemnation and death
60
according to Luthers understanding of law and grace, grace brings what?
righteousness and life
61
What 2 reformers were the same age and reforming at the same time?
Luther and Zwingli
62
According to Luther, all scripture is word of god but what is the key to interpreting it?
the gospel
63
who killed Zwingli?
captain fuckinger (I've heard this is an extra credit question:)
64
What was Zwinglis doctrine influenced by?
humanism
65
Zwingli emphasizes _____ more than Luther.
scholasticism
66
Zwingli said the Bible has _____ and ______ priority.
theological, historical
67
what does historical priority mean?
the Bible was a founding document and so we should look there
68
what does theological priority mean?
the Bible is gods word so we look there
69
Zwingli had a more ____ approach to scripture.
logical
70
What is revelation?
the word of god
71
Zwingli would say that gods Providence (or gods work in the world) means what?
God is absolute in his sovereignty and authority
72
Zwingli was very strong and deterministic in his view of gods work in the world, so strong that he would argue that...
everything that happens is done so by gods will
73
what does Zwinglis doctrine of election mean?
that salvation is entirely in Gods hands, God chooses who will be saved
74
what is Zwinglis view of law and gospel?
that they are the same thing and it is seen in a positive view
75
what is the law of love?
love god and love others
76
what are the three aspects to Zwinglis view of law and gospel?
civil, ceremonial, and moral
77
what does Zwingli mean by law and grace that is civil, ceremonial, and moral? (define each one)
civil - how to live, ceremonial - how to worship, moral - how to exist with people and with god
78
Zwingli had a fuller view of ___ than Luther.
sanctification
79
Zwingli was influenced by dualism. he said, "________"
"the finite cannot bear the weight of the invisible"
80
what early greek philosopher was Zwingli influenced by?
plato (strong dualist)
81
what is Zwinglis regulative principle?
whatever is not commanded is forbidden
82
Zwinglis regulative principle made him very ____
iconoclastic
83
the______ movement is iconoclastic
reformed movement
84
what was Zwinglis view on sacraments?
that material things could not hold or give access to spiritual things. (very evident in communion)
85
what was Zwinglis view of baptism?
infant baptism. it is a sign from the community that the child belongs to them
86
Zwingli thought the church was made up of the _____ and the ______
visible and invisible
87
Zwingli would say the elect are _____
the invisible church, the true Jesus followers
88
Zwingli would say mixed company is ______
the visible church, those who say they are Jesus followers
89
what is Zwinglis purpose for the church?
to proclaim the gospel and disciple (that includes discipline) its members
90
what is Zwinglis view of church government?
church exists in local groups and should be governed by itself
91
Zwingli thought that church and state should work together because ....
they have the same agenda and are both accountable to god and his law
92
what context is helpful in understanding why Zwingli argued for a close relationship between church and state?
because he lived in Zurich where the city council ran the church
93
list three things Zwingli was known for...
school of Antioch, gods sovereignty, dedication to biblical preaching, insistent on infant baptism, or close relationship between church and state
94
name 2 marks of the radical reformation...
tendency toward biblicism, symbolic understanding of the sacraments, emphasis on authoritative local congregation, tendency towards dualism
95
John Calvin was the true ________ theologian
systematic
96
where was John Calvin from?
Geneva, Switzerland
97
what work did John Calvin produce?
the institutes
98
what was the primary theme of the institutes?
sovereign grace (how those two things come together)
99
John Calvin appreciated _____ and _______
order and distinction
100
Calvin said because of sin we can't look at the ______ and turn to ______
natural world, worship
101
who said, "every one of us from our mothers womb is a factory of idols"
John Calvin
102
Calvin would say that gods chosen instrument that points us to Jesus is ______
scripture
103
Calvin says ____ enlightens our minds with understanding of scriptures
the Holy Spirit
104
God revealing himself is an example of God's ____ and GOd choosing to reveal himself is an example of God's ____
sovereignty and grace
105
God is above creation and gives creation its own _____ (Calvin)
integrity (god makes things concrete and doesn't mess with them (ex: gravity))
106
God can create= _____
God choosing to create=___
sovereignty
grace
107
human can do _____ to save themselves (Calvin)
nothing
108
Calvin affirmed _____ and _____
OG sin, total depravity ( every part of us is affected by sin
109
Calvin thinks _____ is the guarantor of our salvation
the Holy Spirit
110
what does duplex gratia mean?
double grace
111
how do you receive duplex gratia or double grace?
through union with christ
112
Calvin says that the law ...
reveals sin, restrains evil, and reveals gods will to those who believe
113
what three things did Calvin emphasize order in?
doctrine, church government, and relationship between church and state
114
Calvin loved _____ whereas Luther loved _____
clarity, paradox
115
in Calvins eyes, what is distinct but united?
law and gospel
116
Calvin found little value in _____
theological speculation
117
what is theological speculation?
searching for answering in mystery. (looking to ask questions instead of answers being revealed)
118
____ gives order to scripture and helps articulate doctrine (Calvin)
creeds and confessions
119
Calvin's view on church government was...
that not one person should have too much power. divided offices up
120
what does church polity mean?
how the church is governed
121
what does presbyterian mean?
church governed by multiple people (congregational focused)
122
Calvin was hoping that between church and state, the _____ would be influenced by ______ but stay distinct from it
state, church
123
what is another name for anabaptist?
rebaptizers
124
why were they called rebaptizers?
because they practiced believers baptism
125
anabaptists are associated with the _____ reformation.
radical
126
what was the goal of the radical reformation?
to recreate the NT church
127
radicals saw the NT church as a ________ ________
voluntary institution
128
radicals believe that belonging in the church came through _____
belief in Jesus
129
what is different about radical church membership than other reformations/the Catholic Church?
they believe you weren't born into the church
130
What were radicals view on the relationship between church and state?
that church and state are entirely SEPARATE institutions
131
Who liked the anabaptists?
literally no one so they can to america to make friends :)
132
why did anabaptists reject infant baptism?
because it was a sacrament that is completed without the consent of the individual and it births them into church membership
133
radicals say that baptism should follow a _____
confession of faith
134
_______tended to lean towards pacifism
anabaptists
135
who was an anabaptist leader that lead people away from the heart of the radical reformation?
John liden (practiced polygamy, city wide starvation, etc)
136
who corrected John liden?
menno simons
137
which modern day denomination stems from menno Simons?
mennonites
138
how did Anabaptists tend toward dualism?
thought that sacraments dont hold reality they just represent something
139
what were radical symbols of church membership?
the sacraments
140
What was the inquisition?
a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy
141
who started the Spanish inquisition?
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain (power couple)
142
Why was the Spanish inquisition more dangerous?
because it was ruled by the state not the pope so they could use state weapons
143
What two religious groups did the Spanish inquisition expel?
jews and muslims
144
what is another name for the Jesuits?
society of Jesus
145
what was the purpose of the jesuits?
to restore Roman Catholic church to authority of innocent the 3rd
146
jesuits can be seen as the _____ branch of the Catholic Church
missional
147
who was the main leader of the jesuits?
Ignatius of Loyola
148
Ignatius of Loyola was know for his...
absolute devotion to the Catholic church and the authority of the pope
149
what council was the catholic response to the protestant reformation?
council of Trent
150
what two things did the council of Trent do?
1. affirmed teaching and traditions of church
2. called for a reform in the practical and moral life of the church
151
the catholic reformation was not a ______ reformation but a _______ reformation
doctrinal, moral (changed the way they did church not doctrine)
152
Luther was from the school of _______
Alexandria (unity)
153
Zwingli was from the school of ______
Antioch (distinction)
154
what was the main question of the Marburg colloquy?
can christ be in more than one place at once?
155
why was Zwingli worried that Christ can be in more than one place at a time?
because then how is Jesus fully human? thats not humanly possible
156
why was Luther concerned that Zwingli was questioning Jesus' ability to be in more than one place at a time?
because Luther says that you can only know god through tangible things and so if God isn't in it we can truly know him.
157
ubiquity is a ______ quality.
divine
158
what is Communicatio idiomatum?
a Christological concept about the interaction of deity and humanity in the person of Jesus Christ.
159
what did the Marburg colloquy revolve around?
Communicatio idiomatum
160
Calvin was apart of the ____ school
Antioch
161
Catholic Church would fall under the school of ______
Alexandra
162
the Lord's supper was a ________ debate
christological
163
who put forth the idea of transubstantiation?
Thomas aquinas
164
what church practiced transubstantiation?
Roman Catholic Church
165
real presence is the idea that christ is ....
uniquely present
166
what is the latin word for with
con
167
transubstantiation says that the ____ of the bread and wine remain the same while the _____ changes.
accidents, substance
168
what are accidents?
a things outward appearance
169
what are substances?
a things essential being
170
transubstantiation : Christ is physically and spiritually present __ the bread and the wine
in
171
consubstantiation: christ is physically and spiritually present _____ the bread and the wine
with
172
what are the two main lords supper passages?
Matthew 26:26-28
John 6:35-59
173
the importance of Matthew 26:26-28 is that....
Jesus says this is my body
174
the importance of the John 6:35-59 passage is that ..
Jesus is the bread of life and we are to eat his flesh
175
what is Luthers main example of what happens to the elements during the lords supper?
its like an iron rod being put into fire. still iron but its been interpenetrated by fire
176
Luther would say that the bread and wine are ______ by Christs blood and body
interpenetrated
177
____ says that christ is in with and under the bread and wine
Luther
178
_______ and -_____ are both uniquely physically and have the same biblical interpretation
transubstantiation and consubstantiation (catholic and Lutheran)
179
dynamic presence is marked by who and what reformation?
John Calvin and reformed
180
reformed tradition would say that the lords supper is a ______ because we do not eat _______ but we eat ____ him
covenant meal, him, with
181
Calvin wants people to think about correct ______ when thinking about the lords supper.
interpretation. how did the OG audience hear and interpret this?
182
what is a sign (dynamic presence)
when one thing represents another thing (ex a wedding ring represents you are married)
183
what is a seal (dynamic Pre.)
when one thing contains the reality of the thing it points to (ex passport, you are not an American citizen in a foreign country without a passport)
184
true or false : the signs and seals are the vehicle to bring us into Christs presence spiritually that we dont get at any other time
true
185
who and what is the memorial view associated with?
radical reformation, Anabaptists, and Zwingli
186
Anabaptist say that communion is just a ____ and not a ____
sign, seal
187
memorial view of the lord supper would say that christ is...
not uniquely present at that time
188
what is the memorial view of the lords supper biblical basis?
Paul says do it in remembrance of me
189
what were the tools of the priest in the Anglican reformation?
Book, worship, language
190
what did the book of common prayer do for lay people?
invited them into worship
191
what was the purpose of the book of common prayer?
to educated and invite people to worship
192
the anglican reformation was first ______ and then ______
political, theological
193
what was the main tool of the anglican reformation?
the book of common prayer
194
what was the highest church position in england?
Archbishop of Canterbury
195
what were the three types of people in European society?
priests, common people, fighters
196
according to the anglican reformation, the purpose of worship is to
shape and train the church
197
who wrote the book of common prayer?
Thomas Cranmer
198
who divorced his wife and took church property?
Henry the 8th
199
who was Henry the 8ths wife?
Catherine of aragon
