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Meds Flashcards

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1
Q

ditiazem (Cardizem)

special uses

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
for A Fib, A Flutter and SVTs
in addition to Angina and HTN
same s/e, and N/I as other CCBs

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2
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Use: Angina HTN
Caution: use with Digoxin & BB
Contraindicated: HF, H Block or Brady
No grapefruit juice

S/E: Constipation, Peripheral edema, reflex Tachycardia

N/I: IV inject over 2-3min
Taper doses
Monitor HR and BP

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3
Q

Verapamil (Calan)

special uses

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

For A Fib, A Flutter and SVT

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4
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

special directions

A

ACE Inhibitor

Take 60 min before meals

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitors and ARBs

A

Antihypertensive, HF, MI, Diabetic Nephropathy

N/I-Monitor BP and K+ levels

S/E: -orthostatic hypotension

  • avoid hot tubs, saunas
  • *angioedema (adm. epi)
  • avoid use in 2nd and 3rd trimerster
  • *persistent dry cough
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6
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

reduces intestinal bacteria

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7
Q

Neomycin (Oral)

A

reduces intestinal bacteria

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8
Q

spironolactone (Aldactone)

A 
Diuretic Aldosterone antagonist
decreases K+ excretion (hyperkalemia)
increases Na+ excretion (hypernatremia)
Steven Johnson syndrome
Metabolic Acidoses
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9
Q

Lactulose (Chronulac)

A

hyperosmotic laxative/
ammonia de-toxicant (hepatic enceph)
Hypernatremia
Hypokalema

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10
Q 
Alpha 2 Agonist
Clonidine
Guanfacine
Methydopa
reduces vascular resistance, HR, and BP
A

Use: Primary HTN - (may be used with other anti-HTN and diuretics) HTN crisis, severe cancer pain
do not use with: anticoagulations, hepatic failure, MAOI’s, lactation

S/E: Dry mouth
rebound HTN (don’t stop abruptly)
**Black/sore tongue
**leukopenia

N/I: CNS side effects
      CBC, HR, BP
      use at bedtime
      notify if involuntary jerky movement,
      prolonged dizziness, rash
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11
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Blockers
-osin

Block receptors

A

Use: Primary HTN
-increased risk of HTN and cyncope if
w/other anti-HTNs, BB or diuretics
-watch INSAIDs, may reduce effect of prazosin

S/E - dizziness/fainting

N/I:- monitor HR & BP
–take at bedtime to reduce s/e of
HypoTN
-not OTC meds unless dr approved

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12
Q

methyldopa (Aldomet)

special precautions

A

Alpha 2 Agonist
do not administer in IV line with
barbiturates or sulfonamides

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13
Q

Vancomycin

A

Toxic to Vessels

Red Man’s Syndrome is common (flushing/Upper body puritis)

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14
Q 
Rapid Acting Insulin
     Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: Lispro (Humalong)
Onset: <15 min
Peak: 0.5- 1 hr
Duration: 3-4 hr

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15
Q 
Short Acting Insulin
    Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: Regular (Humalin R)
Onset: 0.5- 1 hr
Peak: 2-3hr
Duration: 5-7hr

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16
Q 
Intermediate Insulin
     Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: NPH ( Humalin N)
Onset:1-2hr
Peak: 4-12hr
Duration: 18-24

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17
Q 
Long Acting Insulin 
    Drug name
     Onset
     Peak
     Duration
A

Drug name: I glargine
Onset: 1hr
Peak: none
Duration: 10.5-24hr

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18
Q

Which Insulin can be given in IV form?

A

Regular

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19
Q

When mixing Regular insulin with NPH, in what order do you inject air and draw up the insulin?

A

Air: NPH -> Regular
(Cloudy -> Clear)

Draw: Regular -> NPH
(Clear -> Cloudy)

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20
Q

Heparin

     Class
     Administration
     Precautions
     Labs
     Antidote
A 
Anticoagulant
Give IV or SubQ
Rotate injection sites
Avoid NSAID, Aspirin, Salicylate
Monitor PTT every 4-6hr
       Norm- 16-40
       Therapeutic 1.5-2.5 X normal
       Alert if  >100

PROTAMINE SULFATE

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21
Q

Warfarin (Cumadin)

     Class
     Administration
     Precautions
     Labs
     Antidote
A 
Anticoagulant
Oral
Avoid NSAID, Aspirin
Monitor INR every 4-6hr
       Therapeutic 2-3

VITAMIN K

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22
Q

Dabigatran (pradaxa)

 Class
 Administration
 Precautions
A

Anticoagulant
Oral
Avoid NSAID, Aspirin
Must discontinue Warfarin before starting
Discontinue 1-2 days before sx if possible

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23
Q

Thronbolytics

 alteplase (Activase tPA)
 tenecteplase (TNKase)
 reteplase (Retavase)

When is use contraindicated
What is the time limit for tPA

A

Contraindicated for intracranial hemorrhage, active bleeding, aortic dissection, brain tumor of if they have had head trauma or CVA within the last 2 months

tPA within 4-6hr of onset of s/s

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24
Q

Adverse GI effects of antacids

A

Other meds should be taken 1hr before or after antacid

Aluminum hydroxide
constipation
hypophosphatemia

Magnesium hydroxide (milk of mag)
diarrhea
hypermagnesemia
renal impairment

Sodium Bicarbonate
Constipation

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25
proton Pump Inhibitors
Take on empty stomach 30-60min before meal Omeprazole (Prilosec) May increase Digoxin level Risk of infection, caution w/COPD esomeprazole (Nexium) Take on empty stomach 30-60min before meal
26
H2 receptor antagonists
Zantac famotidine (Pepcid) cimetidne ( Tagament) may cause toxicity with warfarin, phenytonin, lidocaine Tagament increases risk of infection, caution w/COPD
27
Mucosal Protectors | Sucrafate (Carafate)
Adheres to ulcer, protects up to 6hr Give 1hr before meal
28
promethazine (Phenergan) Side effects Nursing interventions
Drowsy Anticholinergic effects EPS Potentiates effect of narcotic Monitor VS, toxic to vessels, can give IM in large muscle
29
metoclopramide (Reglan) Side effects Nursing interventions
``` Drowsy Anticholinergic effects EPS Tardive dyskanesia Restlessness ``` Teach about rapid GI emptying Discontinue w/ signs of EPS
30
ondansterone (Zofran) Side effects Nursing interventions
Headace EPS Administer 30min prior to chemo and 1-2hr prior to radiation
31
Scopolamine (sea sickness ear sticker) Side effects Nursing interventions
Blurred vision Sedation Anticholinergic effect Apply behind ear Use lubrication eye drop Don't use with angle- closure glaucoma
32
Loop and Thiazide Diuretics Loop Thiazide Lasix Duril Bumex Hydroduril
``` Hypovolemia Ototoxity Hypo K+ Hypo Na+ Hyperglycemia Digoxin toxicity (w/ Hypo K+) Lithium toxicity ```
33
Alpha- Adernergic Blockers for Urinary Retention bethanechol (Urechiline)
bethanechol (Urechiline) Helps bladder tone for urinary hesitation (strong start) DON'T give IM or IV Give on empty stomach S/E excessive salivation and tearing
34
Alpha- Adernergic Blockers for Urinary Retention tamsulosin (Flomax)
``` tamsulosin (Flomax) Improves urine flow with BPH Must rule out bladder cancer first Take 30min after meal Take same time each day S/E decreased libido ```
35
``` Antibiotics Aminiglycosides Vancomycin Gentimicin Uses S/E labs Therapeutic ranges ```
Septicemia, Meningitis, pneumonia high risk for ototoxity nephrotoxicity monitor Creatinine and BUN Peak and Trough levels Gentamicin therapeutic 4-12 Vancomycin 20-40
36
Antibiotic Cephalosporins Keflex claforan Uses S/E
URI, UTI Causes sensitivity with penicillins monitor for C-Diff
37
Antibiotic fluroquinolones Cipro Levaquin Uses S/E
Bronchitis, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, UTI, pneumonia, sinusitis Caution with hepatic, renal, or seizure disorders
38
``` Antibiotic Macrolides Zthromax Biaxin Erythromycin ``` Uses S/E
URI, sinusitis, whooping cough, chlamydia Used if allergic to PCN Give with meals
39
Antibiotic Nitrofurantoin macrodantin Uses S/E
UT Broad spectrum Urine will be brown Don't give with renal dysfunction
40
Antibiotic Penicillins Amoxil Omnipen Uses S/E
Pnuemonia, septicemia, URI, endocarditic, rheumatic fever, GYN infection hypersensitivity with possible anaphylaxis
41
Antibiotic Sulfonamides Bactrin Septra Uses S/E
UT, bronchitis, otitis media Drink 3L of water/day Avoid sun exposure Use back up contraceptives
42
Antibiotic Tetracyclines Vibramycin Sumycin
Fungal, bacterial, protozoal, rickettsial, infection Permanent tooth discoloration in children under 8 Drink 3L of water/day Avoid sun exposure Use back up contraceptives
43
Antifungal | Diflucan
Candiddisis Refrigerate monitor renal and hepatic function increase risk for bleeding if on anticoagulant
44
Antimalarials Plaquinil Quinine
Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus Prevent malarial attacks
45
Antituberculars Isoniazid (INH) Rifampin
Prevention and treatment of TB Latent TB 6-9mo Active TB up to 24mo
46
Antiretrovirals Zovirax Valtrex AZT
Genital herpes, HIV, Shingles increase fluid intake Start with first onset of s/s Zovirax: Give on empty stomach Valtrex: Give with meal
47
Biophosphonates Boniva Reclast Actonel
osteoporosis Hyperglycemia r/t malignancy Contraindicated while lactating Contraindicated with esophageal strictures absorption effected with calcium, orange juice, antacids, caffeine Give in morning on empty stomach w/8oz water and sit up for 30 min
48
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs DMARDS ``` Methotrexate Plaquenil Embrel Remicade Humira ```
slow joint degeneration and progression of rheumatoid arthritis Methorexate- contraindicated in pregnancy, renal or liver failure, alcoholism increases risk for infection, bone marrow suppression, GI ulceration 3-6wk to be therapeutic
49
Antigout medications Allopurinol Colchicine
Avoid foods high in purines Allopurinol - inhibits uric acid production Colchicine- prevent leukocytes from invading joints
50
``` Anti anxiety medications alprazolam (Xanax) buspirone (BuSpar) chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) lorazepam (Ativan) ```
Increase GABA to reduce anxiety GAD Insomnia alcohol withdrawal S/E CNS depression, paradoxical response, withdrawal Caution BuSpar and Valium w/ liver disease and substance abuse
51
``` Antidepressant SSRI Cymbalta Prozac Lexapro Luvox Pexeva Zoloft ```
Inhibits serotonin reuptake Must avoid ETHO Monitor for serotonin syndrome (agitation, confusion, hallucination) in first 72hr Weight gain, Sexual dysfunction, drowsiness, fatigue
52
``` Antidepressant Tricyclic Elavil Anafranil Sinequan Tofranil ```
Don't administer with MAOI Don't administer w/ St. Johns wart Avoid ETHO Not for client w/ seizure disorder Anticholinergic Sedation Toxicity Decreased seizure threshold
53
``` Antidepressant MAOI Marplan Pranate Nardil ```
Avoid foods w/ Tyramine contraindicated with SSRI's Tricyclics, HF, CVA, renal insufficiency CNS stimulant Orthostatic hypotension Hypertensive Crisis
54
Bipolar Medications | Lithium
MOnitor Na+ levels NSAID's and asprin increase Lithium levels therapeutic 0.4-1.0 mEq/L
55
Antiphychotic Medications Conventional Thorazine Halodol Atypical Abilify Zyprexa Geodon
Bock dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine and epinephrine in the brain Schizophrenia, manic bipolar, tourett's, Dementia Contraindicated with severe depression, PD, severe hypotention S/E Extrapyramidal effect, Tardive dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Seizures
56
Bipolar Medications | Lithium
MOnitor Na+ levels NSAID's and asprin increase Lithium levels therapeutic 0.4-1.0 mEq/L
57
Antiphychotic Medications
Bock dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine and epinephrine in the brain Schizophrenia, manic bipolar, tourett's, Dementia Contraindicated with severe depression, PD, severe hypotention S/E Extrapyramidal effect, Tardive dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Seizures
58
Vasopressin desmopressin DDAV
Vasoconstrictor (ADH) Diabetes Insipidus Cardiac Arrest Monitor for hyponatremia I&O urine specific gravity BP Instruct on use of DDAV, for bedwetting
59
Methimazol (Tapazol) action use s/e teaching
inhibits synthesis of Thyroid Hormone Use: Thyroid Storm, hyperthyroidism S/E: Agranulocytosis - Thrombocytopenia (platelets) Administer with food No Iodine in diet increase fluids to 3L day
60
Antihistamines
monitor for urinary retention Caution use if: glaucoma, PUD, urinary retention, anticholinergic effect dry mouth, drowsiness hypokalemia
61
Bronchodilators use s/e toxicity s/s
Use: Asthma ``` s/e: tachycardia nervousness monitor for signs of toxicity therapeutic levels 10-20 no ETOH = toxicity ``` Toxicity: seizures give diazepam
62
Beta Blockers will _______ the effect of bronchodilators
decrease
63
MAOI's will _______ the effect of bronchodilators
increase
64
Antilipidemic
Contraindicated with liver disease Multiple drug interactions Take in evening (production increased) no grapefruit juice Monitor liver and renal fx Low fat - high fiber diet
65
Amnioderone is incompatible with ________
heparin
66
Amnioderone | S/E
Bradycardia | cardiogenic shock
67
Adenosine Use
SVT's push fast follow with N/S push fast ensure safety for client, reassure them and keep them focused on you tell them what is about to happen
68
Beta Blockers
S/E Bradycardia Nasal stuffiness Bronchospasm Do not give is Systolic is <50 monitor for hypoglycemia

Nursing (11 decks)

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